Iityuwa ze-quaternary ammoniumingasetyenziselwa ngokukhuselekileyo ukubulala iintsholongwane kwiukulima emanzini, kodwa ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe kwindlela yokusetyenziswa echanekileyo kunye nogxininiso ukuphepha ingozi kwizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.

1,Yintoni ityuwa ye-quaternary ammonium
Quaternary ammonium ityuwai-disinfectant yezoqoqosho, esebenzayo, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye ne-chemical formula (CnH2n + 1) (CH3) 3N + X -, apho i-X - ingaba yi-Cl -, Br -, I -, SO42-, njl. Kwisisombululo esinamanzi, ibonakala njengejel okanye i-liquid kwaye inokubulala ngokukhawuleza i-microorganisms ezifana nebhaktheriya, i-virus, i-virus, i-organic matter, i-fungi kunye ne-organic ayichaphazeleki lula.
2,Umgaqo wokubulala iintsholongwane weiityuwa ze-quaternary ammonium
Umgaqo-siseko wokubulala iintsholongwane we-quaternary ammonium salts kukutshabalalisa inwebu yeseli kunye neeproteni zebhaktheriya, ezibangela ukuba ziphulukane namandla azo okukhula kunye nokuzala. Isiphumo sokubulala iintsholongwane se-quaternary ammonium salts sinxulumene nezinto ezinje ngoxinaniso, ixabiso le-pH, ixesha loqhagamshelwano, kunye nobushushu.
3,Indlela yokusebenzisa i-quaternary ammonium salts ngokuchanekileyo
1. Ulawulo lokugxila
Xa iityuwa ze-quaternary ammonium zisetyenziselwa ukubulala iintsholongwane kwi-aquaculture, ukugxininiswa kufuneka kulawulwe ngokobukhulu kunye nobunzima bomzimba wamanzi. Ngokubanzi, ukusebenzisa i-concentration ye-0.1% -0.2% ye-quaternary ammonium ityuwa inokubulala iintsholongwane, kodwa ayikwazi ukudlula i-0.5%.
2. Ixesha loqhagamshelwano
Xa usebenzisa i-quaternary ammonium salts kwi-disinfection, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukudibanisa ngokupheleleyo nomphezulu wamanzi kunye namanzi. Kucetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba kubulawe iintsholongwane kangangemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiiyure ezi-2.
3. Ulawulo lokuphindaphinda
Xa usebenzisa i-quaternary ammonium salts kwi-disinfection, i-frequency ye-disinfection nayo kufuneka ilawulwe. Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kunokubangela umonakalo kwimo engqongileyo yasemanzini, kwaye akufuneki kudlule kanye ngeveki.
4. Imiqathango
1. Thintela ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo
Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kweetyuwa ze-quaternary ammonium kunganyusa umxholo we-ammonia nitrogen kunye nenitrogen emanzini, okuchaphazela indalo esingqongileyo yemithombo yamanzi kwaye kukhokelele kwiingxaki ezifana nokufa kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.
2. Kuphephe ukuxubana namanye amayeza
Iityuwa ze-quaternary ammonium akufuneki zixutywe nezinye izibulala-ntsholongwane, kungenjalo ukusabela kweekhemikhali kunokwenzeka, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kokubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezinobungozi.
3. Nika ingqalelo kukhuseleko lomntu
Quaternary ammonium ityuwasisibulali-ntsholongwane esingadleki kangako, kwaye iiglavu kufuneka zinxitywe xa usisebenzisa, ukuthintela ukudibana kwamehlo nomlomo. Ukuba ifakwe okanye ingena ngengozi emehlweni, ngokukhawuleza ucoce kwaye ufune uncedo lwezonyango.
5, Uhlalutyo lokhuseleko
Nangonaiityuwa ze-quaternary ammoniumZizibulali-ntsholongwane ezisetyenziswa kakhulu, kusafuneka ukuba kuqwalaselwe indlela echanekileyo yokusetyenziswa ngexesha lokusetyenziswa ukunqanda iziphumo ezibi kwimekobume yendalo yasemanzini kunye nezinto eziphila emanzini.

Izifundo eziyeleleneyo zibonise ukuba phantsi kokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo koxinzelelo kunye nokuphindaphindwa kokubulawa kweentsholongwane, iityuwa ze-quaternary ammonium zinetyhefu encinciizinto eziphila emanzinikwaye ayiyi kuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kubo.

Umgaqo wesenzo setyuwa ye-quaternary ammonium yei-trimethylamine oxide (TMAO)ibonakala kakhulu kwiipropati zayo ze-surfactant kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali:
Umsebenzi womphezulu: Iityuwa ye-quaternary ammoniumUlwakhiwo lunika ipropathi emibini ye-hydrophilicity kunye ne-hydrophobicity, enokunciphisa ukuxinana komphezulu wolwelo. Kwi-detergents, olu phawu lunceda ukususa amabala e-oyile: isiphelo se-hydrophilic sidibanisa namanzi, kwaye isiphelo se-hydrophobic sidibanisa neoli, senza i-micelles ukugubungela ukungcola.
Uzinzo lwesakhiwo: Ibhondi ye-nitrogen oksijeni (N → O) i-polarity yeetyuwa ze-quaternary ammonium yomelele, enokuzinzisa ulwakhiwo olumacala-ntathu eproteni. Kulawulo loxinzelelo lwe-osmotic, iiproteni zikhuselwe kwizinto ze-denaturation ezifana ne-urea kunye ne-ammonia nitrogen ngokusebenzisana kwentlawulo.
Ipropathi ene-oxidizing ebuthathaka: Njenge-oxidant ethambileyo, iiathom zeoksijini kwindawoityuwa ye-quaternary ammoniumUlwakhiwo lunokudluliselwa kwezinye izinto (ezifana ne-aldehyde synthesis reactions) kwaye iyancipha ibe yi-trimethylamine.

Isishwankathelo,iityuwa ze-quaternary ammoniuminokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo ekubulaleni iintsholongwane kwi-aquaculture, kodwa ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ukulungisa iindlela zokusetyenziswa kunye nogxininiso ukuthintela ukwenzakala kwizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.