Ukuzaliswa nokuphuculwa kweehagu zanamhlanje kwenziwa ngokweemfuno zabantu. Injongo kukwenza iihagu zitye kancinci, zikhule ngokukhawuleza, zivelise ngakumbi kwaye zibe nenyama etyebileyo kakhulu. Kunzima kwindalo esingqongileyo ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukusebenza kakuhle kwindawo yokwenziwa!

Ukugcinwa kokupholisa nobushushu, ulawulo lomswakama owomileyo, inkqubo yokulahla indle, umgangatho womoya endlwini yemfuyo, inkqubo yezothutho, inkqubo yokondla, umgangatho wezixhobo, ulawulo lwemveliso, ukutya kunye nesondlo, iteknoloji yokufuya njalo njalo zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nemeko yempilo yeehagu.

Imeko esijongene nayo ngoku kukuba kukho ukwanda kwezifo zehagu, imijovo emininzi kunye namayeza ezilwanyana, kwaye kunzima ngakumbi ukukhulisa iihagu. Iifama ezininzi zeehagu azinazo inzuzo okanye ilahleko xa imakethi yeehagu ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwaye yahlala ixesha elide.

Emva koko asinakuzinceda ngaphandle kokucamngca ukuba indlela yangoku yokujongana nesifo sobhubhane seehagu ichanekile na okanye ukuba indlela esiya kuyo ayilunganga. Kufuneka sicingisise ngezizathu zesifo kwishishini leehagu. Ingaba kungenxa yokuba intsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya zinamandla kakhulu okanye ukwakheka kweehagu kubuthathaka kakhulu?

Ngoku eli shishini linika ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi kumsebenzi wokuzikhusela weehagu ongengowawo ngqo!

Izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza komzimba okungekho ngqo kweehagu:

1. Isondlo

Kwinkqubo yosulelo lwezifo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yezilwanyana iyasebenza, umzimba uvelisa inani elikhulu lee-cytokines, izinto zeekhemikhali, iiproteni zesigaba esibukhali, ii-antibodies zomzimba, njl.njl., izinga le-metabolic liyanda kakhulu, imveliso yobushushu iyanda kwaye ubushushu bomzimba buyanda, nto leyo efuna izondlo ezininzi.

Okokuqala, kufuneka inani elikhulu lee-amino acids ukuze kuhlanganiswe iiproteni, ii-antibodies kunye nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo kwisigaba esikhawulezileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukulahleka okukhulu kweproteni yomzimba kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-nitrogen. Kwinkqubo yosulelo olubangela izifo, ukunikezelwa kwee-amino acids ikakhulu kuvela ekuwohlokeni kweproteni yomzimba kuba ukutya kunye nokutya kwezilwanyana kuncitshiswa kakhulu okanye kukhawuleziswe. Ukuphuculwa kwemetabolism kuya kwandisa ngokungenakuphepheka imfuno yeevithamini kunye nezinto ezilandelelanayo.

Kwelinye icala, umngeni wezifo ezibangelwa lubhubhane ukhokelela kuxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kwizilwanyana, nto leyo evelisa inani elikhulu lee-free radicals kwaye inyusa ukusetyenziswa kwee-antioxidants (VE, VC, Se, njl.njl.).

Kwimingeni yesifo esibulalayo, imetabolism yezilwanyana iyaphucuka, isidingo sezondlo siyanda, kwaye ukusasazwa kwezondlo zezilwanyana kuyatshintshwa ukusuka ekukhuleni ukuya ekukhuselekeni komzimba. Ezi mpendulo zemetabolism yezilwanyana zezokumelana nezifo ezibulalayo kwaye ziphile kangangoko kunokwenzeka, nto leyo eyimiphumo yokuguquka kwexesha elide okanye ukhetho lwendalo. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kokhetho olwenziweyo, ipateni yemetabolism yeehagu kwimingeni yesifo esibulalayo iyaphambuka kwindlela yokhetho lwendalo.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inkqubela phambili yokuzala kweehagu iphucule kakhulu amandla okukhula kweehagu kunye nesantya sokukhula kwenyama engenamafutha. Xa ezo hagu zisulelekile, indlela yokusasazwa kwezondlo ezikhoyo iyatshintsha kwinqanaba elithile: izondlo ezabelwe inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ziyancipha kwaye izondlo ezabelwe ukukhula ziyanda.

Phantsi kweemeko ezisempilweni, oku kuluncedo ngokwendalo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwemveliso (ukuzaliswa kweehagu kwenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezisempilweni kakhulu), kodwa xa zijamelene nezifo ezibulalayo, ezo hagu azinawo amandla okuzikhusela omzimba kwaye zinokufa okuphezulu kuneentlobo ezindala (iihagu zasekuhlaleni eTshayina zikhula kancinci, kodwa ukumelana kwazo nezifo kuphezulu kakhulu kuneehagu zanamhlanje zasemzini).

Ukugxila rhoqo ekukhetheni ukuphucula ukusebenza kokukhula kuye kwatshintsha ngokwezakhi zofuzo ukusasazwa kwezondlo, ekufuneka zincame imisebenzi engeyiyo eyokukhula. Ke ngoko, ukukhulisa iihagu ezingenamafutha ezinamandla aphezulu emveliso kufuneka kubonelele ngenqanaba eliphezulu lezondlo, ingakumbi kumngeni wezifo ezibulalayo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubonelelwa ngezondlo, ukuze kubekho izondlo ezaneleyo zokugonywa, kwaye iihagu zinokoyisa izifo ezibulalayo.

Ukuba kukho ukwehla kokufuywa kweehagu okanye ubunzima bezoqoqosho kwiifama zeehagu, nciphisa ukutya kweehagu. Xa ubhubhane uqalile, iziphumo zinokuba zimbi kakhulu.

2. Uxinzelelo

Uxinzelelo lutshabalalisa ulwakhiwo lwe-mucosal lweehagu kwaye lwandisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka kwiihagu.

Uxinzeleloikhokelela ekwandeni kwee-radicals ezikhululekileyo ze-oxygen kwaye itshabalalisa ukungena kwe-membrane yeseli. Ukungena kwe-membrane yeseli kwanda, nto leyo eyayinceda kakhulu ekungeneni kweebhaktheriya kwiiseli; Uxinzelelo lukhokelela ekuvuseleleni inkqubo ye-sympathetic adrenal medullary, ukuxinana okuqhubekayo kwemithambo ye-visceral, ischemia ye-mucosal, ukwenzakala kwe-hypoxic, ukukhukuliseka kwesilonda; Uxinzelelo lukhokelela kwingxaki ye-metabolic, ukwanda kwezinto ezi-acidic ngaphakathi kweseli kunye nomonakalo we-mucosal obangelwa yi-cell acidosis; Uxinzelelo lukhokelela ekwandeni kokukhutshwa kwe-glucocorticoid kwaye i-glucocorticoid ithintela ukuvuselelwa kweeseli ze-mucosal.

Uxinzelelo luyandisa umngcipheko wokususwa kobuthi kwiihagu.

Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibangela uxinzelelo zibangela ukuba umzimba uvelise inani elikhulu lee-radicals ezikhululekileyo ze-oxygen, ezonakalisa iiseli ze-endothelial zemithambo yegazi, zibangele ukuhlanganiswa kwe-granulocyte ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, zikhawulezise ukwakheka kwe-microthrombosis kunye nomonakalo weeseli ze-endothelial, ziququzelele ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane, kwaye zonyuse umngcipheko wokukhupha ityhefu emzimbeni.

Uxinzelelo lunciphisa ukumelana komzimba kwaye lwandisa umngcipheko wokungazinzi kweehagu.

Kwelinye icala, ukulawulwa kwe-endocrine ngexesha loxinzelelo kuya kuthintela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, njenge-glucocorticoid inefuthe lokuthintela ukusebenza komzimba; Kwelinye icala, ukwanda kwee-radicals zasimahla ze-oxygen kunye nezinto ezibangela ukuvuvukala okubangelwa luxinzelelo kuya konakalisa ngokuthe ngqo iiseli zomzimba, okubangela ukwehla kwenani leeseli zomzimba kunye nokukhutshwa okunganelanga kwe-interferon, okubangela ukucinezelwa kwamasosha omzimba.

Iimpawu ezithile zokuwohloka okungaqhelekanga komzimba:

● indle yamehlo, amabala okukrazula, ukopha emqolo kunye nezinye iingxaki ezintathu ezingcolileyo

Ukopha emqolo, ulusu oludala kunye nezinye iingxaki zibonisa ukuba inkqubo yokuqala yomzimba yokuzikhusela, umphezulu womzimba kunye nomqobo we-mucosal zonakele, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kube lula ukungena kwezifo emzimbeni.

Eyona nto iphambili kwi-lacrimal plaque kukuba i-lacrimal gland ikhupha iinyembezi rhoqo ukuthintela ukosuleleka ngakumbi kwezifo nge-lysozyme. I-lacrimal plaque ibonisa ukuba umsebenzi we-local mucosal immune barrier kumphezulu we-ocular unciphile, kwaye i-pathogen ayikasuswa ngokupheleleyo. Ikwabonise ukuba enye okanye ezimbini ze-SIgA kunye neeproteni ezincedisayo kwi-ocular mucosa azanelanga.

● ukuwohloka kokusebenza kwembewu

Izinga lokususwa kweemazi ezigciniweyo liphezulu kakhulu, iimazi ezikhulelweyo ziyaphunza, zizale iimazi ezifileyo, oomama, amantshontsho eehagu abuthathaka, njl.njl.;

Ixesha elide lokukhulelwa kunye nokubuyela kwi-estrus emva kokulumla; Umgangatho wobisi lweemazi ezincancisayo wehlile, amajoni omzimba eehagu ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ayephantsi, imveliso yayicotha, kwaye izinga lorhudo laliphezulu.

Kukho inkqubo ye-mucosal kuzo zonke iindawo ze-mucosal zeemazi, kuquka ibele, indlela yokugaya ukutya, isibeleko, indlela yokuzala, ii-renal tubules, ii-skin glands kunye nezinye ii-submucosa, ezinomsebenzi wokuthintela usulelo lwe-pathogen olunamanqanaba amaninzi.

Thatha iliso njengomzekelo:

① I-membrane yeseli ye-epithelial yeliso kunye ne-lipid kunye namanzi aphuma kuyo enza umqobo obonakalayo kwiintsholongwane.

②I-antibacterialIzinto eziveliswa zii-glands kwi-ocular mucosal epithelium, ezifana neenyembezi eziveliswa zii-lacrimal glands, ziqulethe inani elikhulu le-lysozyme, enokubulala iintsholongwane kwaye ithintele ukuzala kweebhaktheriya, kwaye yenze umqobo weekhemikhali kwiintsholongwane.

③ Ii-Macrophages kunye nee-NK natural killer cells ezisasazwa kulwelo lwezicubu zee-mucosal epithelial cells zinokususa ii-pathogens kwaye zisuse ii-cells ezisulelekileyo zii-pathogens, zenze umqobo weseli yokuzikhusela.

④ I-local mucosal immunity yenziwe yi-immunoglobulin SIgA ekhutshwa ziiseli zeplasma ezisasazwa kwizicubu ezinxibelelanayo zomaleko we-subepithelial we-ocular mucosa kunye neproteni ehambelana nobungakanani bayo.

Indawo yasekuhlaleniukungakhuseleki kwi-mucosalidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuukhuselo lomzimba, nto leyo ekugqibeleni enokuphelisa iintsholongwane, ikhuthaze impilo entle kwaye ithintele ukosuleleka okuphindaphindiweyo.

Ulusu oludala kunye namabala okukrazula kweemazi kubonisa umonakalo wokhuselo lomzimba olupheleleyo!

Umgaqo: ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo kunye nesiseko esiqinileyo; Ukukhuselwa kwesibindi kunye nokukhupha ubuthi emzimbeni ukuphucula impilo; Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuzinzisa imeko yangaphakathi; Ukugonywa okufanelekileyo ukuthintela izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane.

Kutheni sibeka ukubaluleka kokukhuselwa kwesibindi kunye nokususwa kwetyhefu emzimbeni ekuphuculeni amajoni omzimba angacwangciswanga?

Isibindi ngomnye wamalungu enkqubo yokuthintela amajoni omzimba. Iiseli zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezizalwa nazo ezifana nee-macrophages, ii-NK kunye nee-NKT cells zezona zininzi esibindini. Ii-Macrophages kunye nee-lymphocytes esibindini zibalulekile ekukhuselekeni kweseli kunye nokukhuseleka kwe-humoral ngokwahlukeneyo! Kwakhona sisisele esisisiseko sokukhuseleka okungaqhelekanga! Amashumi amathandathu ekhulwini ee-macrophages emzimbeni wonke aqokelelana esibindini. Emva kokungena esibindini, uninzi lwee-antigens ezivela emathunjini ziya kuginywa kwaye zisuswe zii-macrophages (iiseli zeKupffer) esibindini, kwaye inxalenye encinci iya kucocwa zizintso; Ukongeza, uninzi lweentsholongwane, ii-bacterial antigen antibody complexes kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi ezivela ekujikelezeni kwegazi ziya kuginywa kwaye zisuswe ziiseli zeKupffer ukuthintela ezi zinto zinobungozi ekonakaleni umzimba. Inkunkuma yetyhefu ecociwe sisibindi kufuneka ikhutshwe kwi-bile iye emathunjini, ize ikhutshwe emzimbeni lindle.

Njengeziko lokuguqula imetabolism yezakhamzimba, isibindi sidlala indima engenakutshintshwa ekuguqulweni okuthe tye kwezakhamzimba!

Phantsi koxinzelelo, iihagu ziya kwandisa imetabolism kwaye ziphucule amandla okulwa noxinzelelo lweehagu. Kule nkqubo, ii-free radicals kwiihagu ziya kwanda kakhulu, nto leyo eya kwandisa umthwalo weehagu kwaye ikhokelele ekwehleni kokhuseleko lomzimba. Ukuveliswa kwee-free radicals kunxulunyaniswa kakuhle nobunzima bemetabolism yamandla, oko kukuthi, okukhona imetabolism yomzimba inamandla, kokukhona ii-free radicals ziya kuveliswa. Okukhona imetabolism yamalungu inamandla, kokukhona kulula kwaye kunamandla ziya kuhlaselwa zii-free radicals. Umzekelo, isibindi siqulethe iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-enzymes, ezingabandakanyi kuphela imetabolism yee-carbohydrates, iiproteni, amafutha, iivithamini kunye neehomoni, kodwa zikwanemisebenzi yokukhupha ukungcola emzimbeni, ukukhupha, ukukhupha, ukubopha kunye nokuzikhusela. Ivelisa ii-free radicals ezininzi kwaye iyingozi ngakumbi zii-free radicals.

Ngoko ke, ukuze siphucule amasosha omzimba angangqalanga, kufuneka siqwalasele ukhuseleko lwesibindi kunye nokususwa kweentsholongwane kwiihagu!