Ixabiso le-potassium diformate ekufuyeni iinkukhu:

Isiphumo esibalulekileyo sokulwa neentsholongwane (ukunciphisa i-Escherichia coli ngaphezulu kwe-30%), ukuphucula izinga lokuguqulwa kokutya nge-5-8%, ukutshintsha ii-antibiotics ukunciphisa izinga lorhudo nge-42%. Ukwanda kobunzima beenkukhu ze-broiler yi-80-120 grams ngenkukhu nganye, izinga lokuvelisa amaqanda eenkuku ezizalelayo liyanda nge-2-3%, kwaye iingenelo ezipheleleyo ziyanda nge-8% -12%, nto leyo eyinkqubela phambili ephambili kwezolimo oluluhlaza.

I-Potassium diformate, njengohlobo olutsha lwesongezo sokutya, ibonakalise ixabiso elikhulu lokusetyenziswa kwicandelo lokufuya iinkukhu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Iindlela zayo ezikhethekileyo zokuphucula iintsholongwane, ukukhuthaza ukukhula, kunye nempilo yamathumbu zibonelela ngesisombululo esitsha sokufuya iinkukhu okunempilo.

1. Iipropati zomzimba nezeekhemikhali kunye nesiseko esisebenzayo se-potassium diformate

I-Potassium diformateyi-crystalline compound eyenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwe-formic acid kunye ne-potassium diformate kwi-1:1 molar ratio, kunye ne-molecular formula CHKO ₂. Ibonakala njengomgubo omhlophe we-crystalline kwaye inyibilika lula emanzini. Le tyuwa ye-organic acid ihlala izinzile kwiindawo ezine-asidi, kodwa inokuhlukanisa kwaye ikhuphe i-formic acid kunye ne-potassium diformate kwiindawo ezingathathi hlangothi okanye ezibuthathaka ze-alkaline (ezifana namathumbu enkukhu). Ixabiso layo elikhethekileyo likwinyani yokuba i-formic acid yi-short chain fatty acid enomsebenzi onamandla wokulwa ne-antibacterial phakathi kwe-organic acids eyaziwayo, ngelixa ii-potassium ions zinokongeza ii-electrolytes, kwaye zombini zisebenza kunye.

Isiphumo sokulwa neentsholongwanei-potassium diformateikakhulu kufezwa ngeendlela ezintathu:

Iimolekyuli ze-asidi ezidityanisiweyo zinokungena kwiimembrane zeeseli zebhaktheriya, zinciphise i-pH yangaphakathi kwiseli, kwaye ziphazamise iinkqubo zee-enzymes ze-microbial kunye nokuthuthwa kwezondlo;
I-asidi ye-formic engasonjululwanga ingena kwiiseli zebhaktiriya ize ibole ibe yi-H⁺ kunye ne-HCOO⁻, nto leyo ephazamisa ulwakhiwo lwee-nucleic acids zebhaktiriya, ingakumbi ebonisa iziphumo ezibalulekileyo zokuthintela iibhaktiriya ezine-Gram negative ezifana neSalmonella kunye ne-Escherichia coli.

Uphando lubonise ukuba ukongeza i-0.6% ye-potassium formate kunokunciphisa inani le-Escherichia coli kwi-cecum yeenkukhu ze-broiler ngaphezulu kwe-30%;

Ngokuthintela ukwanda kweebhaktheriya eziyingozi, ukukhuthaza ngokungathanga ngqo ukuhlanganiswa kweebhaktheriya eziluncedo ezifana neebhaktheriya ze-lactic acid, kunye nokuphucula ibhalansi ye-microbiota yamathumbu.

2, Indlela eyintloko yokusebenza kwezolimo lweenkukhu
1. Iipropati ezisebenzayo zokulwa nentsholongwane, zinciphisa umthwalo wentsholongwane

Isiphumo sokulwa ne-antibacterial se-potassium diformate sifezekiswa ikakhulu ngeendlela ezintathu:
Iimolekyuli ze-asidi ezidityanisiweyo zinokungena kwiimembrane zeeseli zebhaktheriya, zinciphise i-pH yangaphakathi kwiseli, kwaye ziphazamise iinkqubo zee-enzymes ze-microbial kunye nokuthuthwa kwezondlo;
I-asidi ye-formic engasonjululwanga ingena kwiiseli zebhaktiriya ize ibole ibe yi-H⁺ kunye ne-HCOO⁻, nto leyo ephazamisa ulwakhiwo lwe-nucleic acids zebhaktiriya, ingakumbi ebonisa iziphumo ezithintelayo kwiibhaktiriya ezine-Gram negative ezifana neSalmonella kunye ne-Escherichia coli. Uphando lubonise ukuba ukongeza i-0.6% ye-potassium diformate kunokunciphisa inani le-Escherichia coli kwi-cecum yeenkukhu ze-broiler ngaphezulu kwe-30%;
Ngokuthintela ukwanda kweebhaktheriya eziyingozi, ukukhuthaza ngokungathanga ngqo ukuhlanganiswa kweebhaktheriya eziluncedo ezifana neebhaktheriya ze-lactic acid, kunye nokuphucula ibhalansi ye-microbiota yamathumbu.

2. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kokugaya ukutya kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutya

Yehlisa ixabiso le-pH yendlela yokugaya ukutya, yenza i-pepsinogen isebenze, kwaye ikhuthaze ukuqhekeka kweproteni;
Khuthaza ukukhutshwa kwee-enzymes zokugaya ukutya kwi-pancreas, uphucule izinga lokugaya istatshi namafutha. Idatha yovavanyo ibonisa ukuba ukongeza i-0.5% ye-potassium diformate kwisondlo seenkuku kunokunyusa izinga lokuguqulwa kokutya nge-5-8%;

Khusela isakhiwo se-intestinal villus kwaye wonyuse indawo yokufunxa yamathumbu amancinci. Ukuhlolwa kwe-electron microscopy kutyhile ukuba ukuphakama kwe-villus ye-jejunum kwiinkukhu ze-broiler eziphathwe nge-potassium formate kunyuke nge-15% -20% xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo.

UMphathiswa Wezolimo waseTshayina (2019). Inciphisa ukwanda kwesifo sohudo ngeendlela ezininzi. Kuvavanyo lwenkukhu yenkukhu emhlophe eneentsiba ezimhlophe oluthatha iintsuku ezingama-35, kongezwe i-0.8%i-potassium diformatekunciphisa izinga lorhudo ngama-42% xa kuthelekiswa neqela elingenanto, kwaye isiphumo sasifana neso seqela lee-antibiotic.
3, iingenelo zesicelo kwimveliso yokwenyani

1. Impumelelo ekulimeni iinkukhu zenyama
Ukusebenza kokukhula: Xa ineminyaka engama-42 ubudala, umyinge wokwanda kobunzima bokuxhela yi-80-120 grams, kwaye ukufana kwayo kuphucuka ngama-5 ekhulwini;

Ukuphuculwa komgangatho wenyama: kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamathontsi emisipha yesifuba kwaye kwandisa ixesha lokuphelelwa kwayo. Oku kusenokunxulunyaniswa nokunciphisa kwayo uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, kunye namanqanaba e-serum MDA ehla nge-25%;

Iingenelo zoqoqosho: Ukuba zibalwa ngokusekelwe kumaxabiso okutya angoku, inkukhu nganye inokunyusa ingeniso epheleleyo nge-0.3-0.5 yuan.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwiMveliso yeNkuku yamaqanda
Izinga lokuvelisa amaqanda linyuka nge-2-3%, ingakumbi kwiinkukhu ezizalela emva kwexesha eliphezulu;

Uphuculo lomgangatho weqokobhe lamaqanda, kunye nokwehla kwe-0.5-1 yepesenti kwinqanaba lokuqhekeka kwamaqanda, ngenxa yokwanda kokusebenza kakuhle kokufunxwa kwe-calcium;

Nciphisa kakhulu uxinano lwe-ammonia kwindle (30% -40%) kwaye uphucule imeko yangaphakathi.

Ukudumba kweenkumba zenkukhu kwehle, kwaye izinga lokusinda kweentsana ezineentsuku ezisi-7 lenyuke nge-1.5-2%.

4, Isicwangciso sokusetyenziswa kwesayensi kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko
1. Isixa esicetyiswayo sokongeza

Iinkukhu zenkukhu: 0.5% -1.2% (ziphezulu kwisigaba sokuqala, ziphantsi kwisigaba sokugqibela);
Iinkukhu ezibeka amaqanda: 0.3% -0.6%;
Izongezo zamanzi okusela: 0.1% -0.2% (mazisetyenziswe kunye nezinto ezifaka iasidi).

2. Izakhono zokuhambelana
Ukusetyenziswa ngokubambisana kunye neeprobiotics kunye neeoyile ezibalulekileyo zezityalo kunokunyusa isiphumo;
Kuphephe ukuxuba ngokuthe ngqo nezinto ze-alkaline (ezifana ne-baking soda);
Ubungakanani bekopolo eyongeziweyo ekutyeni okunekopolo eninzi kufuneka bunyuswe nge-10% -15%.

3. Amanqaku aphambili olawulo lomgangatho
Khetha iimveliso ezinobunyulu obuyi-≥ 98%, kwaye ukungcola (okufana neentsimbi ezinzima) kufuneka kuhambelane nomgangatho we-GB/T 27985;
Gcina kwindawo epholileyo neyomileyo, sebenzisa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvula;
Nika ingqalelo kwibhalansi yemithombo ye-calcium ekutyeni, njengoko ukutya kakhulu kunokuchaphazela ukufunxwa kweeminerali.

5, Iindlela zoPhuhliso lweXesha elizayo
Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yesondlo esichanekileyo, iifomyula ezikhutshwa kancinci kunye neemveliso ze-potassium diformate ezifakwe kancinci ziya kuba yindlela yophando nophuhliso. Phantsi kwendlela yokunciphisa ukumelana namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ekufuyeni iinkukhu, ukudityaniswa kwee-oligosaccharides ezisebenzayo kunye nokulungiswa kwee-enzyme kuya kuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yeenkukhu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uphando lwamva nje olwenziwe yi-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences ngo-2024 lufumanise ukuba i-potassium formate inokunyusa ukhuseleko lwamathumbu ngokulawula indlela yokubonisa i-TLR4/NF-κ B, inika isiseko esitsha sethiyori sophuhliso lwayo olusebenzayo.

Uqheliselo luye lwabonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa okunengqiqoi-potassium diformateinokunyusa iingenelo ezipheleleyo zokufuya iinkukhu nge-8% -12%, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuchaphazeleka zizinto ezifana nolawulo lokutya kunye nokwakheka kokutya okusisiseko.

Abalimi kufuneka benze uvavanyo lwe-gradient ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zabo ukuze bafumane isicwangciso sokufaka esifanelekileyo kwaye basebenzise ngokupheleleyo ixabiso lezoqoqosho kunye nelendalo lale songezo esiluhlaza.