Ii-surfactants ziluhlobo lwezinto zeekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla nakwimveliso yemizi-mveliso.

Zineempawu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu wolwelo kunye nokuphucula amandla okunxibelelana phakathi kolwelo kunye nesiqinileyo okanye igesi.

I-TMAO, i-Trimethylamine oxide, i-dihydrate, i-CAS NO.: 62637-93-8, sisixhobo esisebenzayo kumphezulu kunye ne-surfactants, singasetyenziswa kwizinto zokuhlamba.

Ii-oxidants ezibuthathaka ze-TMAO

I-Trimethylamine oxide, njenge-oxidant ebuthathaka, isetyenziswa kwiimpendulo zeekhemikhali zokwenziwa kwee-aldehydes, ukunyibilikisa ii-boranes ze-organic, kunye nokukhululwa kwee-ligands ze-organic ezivela kwiikhompawundi ze-iron carbonyl.

•  Ulwakhiwo lwe-surfactants

Ii-surfactants zahlulwe zibe ngamacandelo amabini: amaqela athanda amanzi kunye namaqela athanda amanzi. Iqela elithanda amanzi liqela elithanda amanzi eliyi-polar elenziwe zii-athomu ezifana neoksijini, initrogen, okanye isalfure ezithanda amanzi. Amaqela athanda amanzi ngamalungu athanda amanzi, adla ngokwakhiwa ngamaqela angengawo athanda amanzi njenge-alkyl ende okanye amaqela anuka kamnandi. Olu lwakhiwo luvumela ii-surfactants ukuba zisebenzisane nezinto zamanzi kunye nezo zingathandi amanzi ezifana neeoyile.

•  Indlela yokusebenza kwama-surfactants

Ii-surfactants zenza umaleko wemolekyuli phezu kolwelo, owaziwa ngokuba ngumaleko we-adsorption. Ukwakheka komaleko we-adsorption kubangelwa kukwakheka kweebhondi ze-hydrogen phakathi kwamaqela e-hydrophilic ee-surfactant molecules kunye nee-molecules zamanzi, ngelixa amaqela e-hydrophobic edibana nee-molecules zomoya okanye zeoyile. Olu maleko we-adsorption lunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu wolwelo, okwenza kube lula ukuba ulwelo lumanzise umphezulu oqinileyo.

Ii-surfactants nazo zinokwenza izakhiwo ze-micelle. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-surfactant ludlula uxinzelelo lwe-micelle olubalulekileyo, iimolekyuli ze-surfactant ziya kuhlangana ngokwazo ukuze zenze ii-micelle. Ii-Micelles zizakhiwo ezincinci ezingqukuva ezenziwe ngamaqela athanda amanzi ajongene nesigaba samanzi kunye namaqela athanda amanzi ajongene ngaphakathi. Ii-Micelles zinokugquma izinto ezithanda amanzi anjengeoyile kwaye ziwasasaze kwisigaba samanzi, ngaloo ndlela zifumana iziphumo zokuxubha, ukusabalalisa, kunye nokunyibilikisa.

• Amasimi okusetyenziswa kwee-surfactants

1. Isixhobo sokucoca: Ii-surfactants zezona zinto ziphambili kwii-arhente zokucoca, ezinokunciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu wamanzi, zenze kube lula ukuba amanzi angene aze angene, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe isiphumo sokucoca. Umzekelo, ii-arhente zokucoca ezifana nesepha yokuhlamba impahla kunye nesepha yokuhlamba izitya zonke ziqulethe ii-surfactants.

2. Iimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu: Ii-surfactants zingenza iimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu ezifana neshampu kunye nejeli yeshawa zivelise igwebu elityebileyo, zibonelela ngemiphumo emihle yokucoca nokucoca.

3. Izinto zokuthambisa: Izinto zokuthambisa zidlala indima ekuthambiseni, ekusasazeni nasekuzinziseni izinto zokuthambisa. Umzekelo, izinto zokuthambisa kunye nezinto zokuthambisa ezikwiloshini, kwikhrimu yobuso nakwizinto zokuthambisa zizinto zokuthambisa.

4. Izibulali-zinambuzane kunye nezongezo zezolimo: Izibulali-zinambuzane zinokuphucula ukufuma kunye nokungenela kwezibulali-zinambuzane, ziphucule ukufunxwa kwazo kunye nemiphumo yokungenela, kwaye ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwezibulali-zinambuzane.

5. Ishishini le-petroleum kunye neekhemikhali: Ii-surfactants zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezinje ngokutsalwa kweoyile, ukufakwa kwamanzi kwi-oyile, kunye nokwahlulwa kweoyile namanzi. Ukongeza, ii-surfactants zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-lubricants, i-rust inhibitors, i-emulsifiers, kunye nezinye iindawo.

Isishwankathelo:

Ii-surfactants luhlobo lwezinto zeekhemikhali ezikwaziyo ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lomphezulu wolwelo kwaye zonyuse ukusebenzisana phakathi kolwelo kunye ne-solid okanye igesi. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lwenziwe ngamaqela athanda amanzi kunye nathanda amanzi, anokwenza iileya zokufunxa kunye nezakhiwo ze-micelle. Ii-surfactants zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiarhente zokucoca, iimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu, izinto zokuthambisa, izibulali-zinambuzane kunye nezongezo zezolimo, amashishini epetroleum kunye neekhemikhali, kunye namanye amasimi. Ngokuqonda imigaqo yeekhemikhali yee-surfactants, sinokuqonda ngcono ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunye neendlela zokusebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.