I-Potassium diformate(PDF) yityuwa edityanisiweyo esetyenziswe njengesongezelelo sokondla esingesiso isibulali-ntsholongwane ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemfuyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubhalwe izifundo ezimbalwa kakhulu kwiintlobo zezilwanyana zasemanzini, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuyaphikisana.

Uphononongo lwangaphambili kwi-Atlantic salmon lubonise ukuba ukutya okune-fish meal ephathwe nge-1.4v PDF kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kokutya kunye nesantya sokukhula. Iziphumo ezisekelwe ekukhuleni kwe-hybrid tilapia zikwabonise ukuba ukongezwa kwe-0.2% ye-PDF ekutyeni kovavanyo kwandisa kakhulu ukukhula nokusebenza kakuhle kokutya, kwaye kunciphisa usulelo lweebhaktheriya.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uphando lwe-tilapia exutyiweyo yolutsha lubonise ukuba ukongezwa kwe-PDF ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.2 ekhulwini yokutya akubonisi kuphucuka ekusebenzeni kokukhula, nangona kucinezela kakhulu iintsholongwane zamathumbu. Ngokusekelwe kulwazi oluncinci olufumanekayo, ukusebenza kwe-PDF ekusebenzeni kweentlanzi kubonakala kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, kwinqanaba lobomi, amanqanaba okongezwa kwe-PDF, ukwenziwa kovavanyo kunye neemeko zokukhula.

Uyilo lovavanyo

benze uvavanyo lokukhula kwi-Oceanic Institute eHawaii, e-USA, ukuze bavavanye impembelelo ye-PDF ekusebenzeni kokukhula kunye nokugayeka kwe-Pacific white shrimp ekhuliswe kwinkqubo yamanzi acocekileyo. Yaxhaswa yi-US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service kwaye ngesivumelwano sokusebenzisana neYunivesithi yaseAlaska Fairbanks.

Iishrimp ezimhlophe zasePacific ezincinci (ILitopenaeus vannamei) zikhuliswe kwinkqubo yamanzi acocekileyo angaphakathi enetyuwa engama-31 ppt kunye nobushushu obungama-25 degrees-C. Bondliwa ukutya okuthandathu okuvavanyayo okune-35% yeproteni kunye ne-6% ye-lipid equlethe iPDF kwi-0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 okanye 1.5%.

Kwi-100 g nganye, ukutya okusisiseko kwaqulunqwa ukuba kuqulathe i-30.0 grams yesidlo sesoya, i-15.0 grams yesidlo sepollock, i-6.0 grams yesidlo sesquid, i-2.0 grams yeoyile ye-menhaden, i-2.0 grams yesoy lecithin, i-33.8 grams yengqolowa epheleleyo, i-1.0 gram ye-chromium oxide kunye ne-11.2 grams yezinye izithako (kuquka iiminerali kunye neevithamini). Kwisidlo ngasinye, iitanki ezine ze-52-L zazigcwele kwi-12 shrimp/itanki. Ngobunzima bokuqala bomzimba obuyi-0.84 gram, ii-shrimp zondliwa ngesandla izihlandlo ezine ngemini ukuze zihluthe kangangeeveki ezisibhozo.

Kwilingo lokugaywa kakuhle kwenyama, iishrimp ezili-120 ezinobunzima obuziigram ezili-9 ukuya kwezili-10 zakhuliswa kwiitanki nganye ezili-18, 550-L kunye neetanki ezintathu/unyango lokutya. I-Chromium oxide yasetyenziswa njengophawu lwangaphakathi lokulinganisa i-coefficient ebonakalayo yokugaywa kakuhle kwenyama.

Iziphumo

Ukwanda kobunzima be-shrimp veki nganye kwaqala kwi-0.6 ukuya kwi-0.8 grams kwaye kwakuthanda ukwanda kunyango nge-1.2 kunye ne-1.5 pesenti yokutya kwe-PDF, kodwa kwakungafani kakhulu (P > 0.05) phakathi konyango lokutya. Ukusinda kwe-shrimp kwakungu-97 pesenti okanye ngaphezulu kuvavanyo lokukhula.

Imilinganiselo yokuguqulwa kokutya (ii-FCR) yayifana kwiindlela zokutya ezine-0.3 kunye ne-0.6 yepesenti ye-PDF, kwaye zombini zazingaphantsi kune-FCR yokutya kwe-1.2 yepesenti ye-PDF (P < 0.05) Nangona kunjalo, ii-FCR zolawulo, ii-1.2 kunye ne-1.5 yepesenti ye-PDF zokutya zazifana (P > 0.05).

Iishrimp ezondla ukutya kwe-1.2% zazinokugaya okuncinci (P < 0.05) kwizinto ezomileyo, iiproteni kunye namandla apheleleyo kuneshrimp ezondla ezinye iintlobo zokutya (Umzobo 2). Nangona kunjalo, ukugaywa kwazo kwee-lipids zokutya akuzange kuchaphazeleke (P > 0.05) ngamanqanaba ePDF.

Iimbono

Olu phononongo lubonise ukuba ukongezwa kwePDF ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.5% ekutyeni akuzange kuchaphazele ukukhula nokusinda kweentlanzi ezikhuliswe kwindawo enamanzi acocekileyo. Olu phononongo lwalufana nolo lufunyenwe ngaphambili nge-hybrid juvenile tilapia, kodwa lwahlukile kwiziphumo ezifunyenwe kuphando nge-Atlantic salmon kunye nokukhula kwe-hybrid tilapia.

Iziphumo ze-PDF yokutya kwi-FCR kunye nokugaywa kokutya zibonakalise ukuxhomekeka kwidosi kolu phononongo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba i-FCR ephezulu yokutya kwe-PDF eyi-1.2% yayibangelwa kukugaywa okuphantsi kweproteni, izinto ezomileyo kunye namandla apheleleyo okutya. Kukho ulwazi oluncinci kakhulu malunga nemiphumo ye-PDF ekugayweni kwezondlo kwiintlobo zasemanzini.

Iziphumo zolu phononongo zahlukile kwezo zengxelo yangaphambili eyayisithi ukongezwa kwePDF kwintlanzi ngexesha lokugcina ngaphambi kokulungiswa kokutya kwandisa ukucolwa kweproteni. Ukusebenza kakuhle okwahlukileyo kwePDF yokutya efunyenwe kwizifundo zangoku nezangaphambili kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokuvavanya iintlobo, inkqubo yokukhulisa ukutya, ukwenziwa kokutya okanye ezinye iimeko zovavanyo. Isizathu esichanekileyo sale mahluko asicacanga kwaye sifuna uphando olongezelelweyo.