UKUBALULEKA KOKUTYA I-BETAINE KWIINKUKU

Njengoko iIndiya ililizwe elikwiitropiki, uxinzelelo lobushushu lolunye lwezona ngxaki ziphambili iIndiya ejongene nazo. Ngoko ke, ukungeniswa kweBetaine kunokuba luncedo kubalimi beenkukhu. IBetaine ifunyenwe inyusa imveliso yeenkukhu ngokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lobushushu. Ikwanceda ekwandiseni iFCR yeentaka kunye nokugaywa kwefayibha eluhlaza kunye neproteni eluhlaza. Ngenxa yeziphumo zayo ze-osmoregulatory, iBetaine iphucula ukusebenza kweentaka ezichaphazelekileyo yi-coccidiosis. Ikwanceda ekwandiseni ubunzima obuncinci bezidumbu zeenkukhu.

AMAGAMA APHEZULU

I-Betaine, Uxinzelelo lobushushu, uMnikeli weMethyl, Isongezelelo sesondlo

INTSHAYELELO

Kwimeko yezolimo zaseIndiya, icandelo leenkukhu lelinye lamacandelo akhula ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko imveliso yamaqanda nenyama inyuka ngesantya se-8-10% pa, iIndiya ngoku ikwindawo yesihlanu ngobukhulu njengomvelisi wamaqanda kunye neshumi elinesibhozo ngobukhulu njengomvelisi weenkukhu. Kodwa ukuba lilizwe elishushu kakhulu, uxinzelelo lobushushu yenye yezona ngxaki ziphambili ezijongene neshishini leenkukhu eIndiya. Uxinzelelo lobushushu lubangelwa kukukhula kobushushu obuphezulu kunomgangatho ofanelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuphazamisa ukusebenza komzimba okuqhelekileyo okuchaphazela ukukhula nokusebenza kwemveliso kweentaka. Ikwachaphazela kakubi uphuhliso lwamathumbu okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukugaywa kwezakhamzimba kwaye inciphisa ukutya.

Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lobushushu ngokulawula izakhiwo ezifana nokubonelela ngendlu egqunyiweyo, ii-air conditioner, indawo engakumbi yeentaka kudla ngokubiza kakhulu. Kwimeko enjalo unyango lwesondlo olusebenzisa izongezo zokutya ezifanaI-Betaineinceda ekusombululeni ingxaki yoxinzelelo lobushushu. I-Betaine yi-alkaloid yekristale enesondlo esininzi efumaneka kwi-sugar beet kunye nezinye izondlo eziye zasetyenziswa ekunyangeni ukuphazamiseka kwesibindi kunye nesisu kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo lobushushu kwiinkuku. Ifumaneka njenge-betaine anhydrous ekhutshwe kwi-sugar beet, i-betaine hydrochloride evela kwimveliso yokwenziwa. Isebenza njengomnikeli we-methyl onceda ekuguquleni i-homocysteine ​​ibe yi-methionine kwinkukhu kunye nokwenza iikhompawundi eziluncedo ezifana ne-carnitine, i-creatinine kunye ne-phosphatidyl choline kwi-S-adenosyl methionine pathway. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo kwe-zwitterionic, isebenza njenge-osmolyte enceda ekugcineni imetabolism yamanzi kwiiseli.

Iingenelo zokutya i-betaine kwiinkukhu –

• Iyandisa izinga lokukhula kweenkukhu ngokugcina amandla asetyenziswa kwipompo yeNa+ k+ kubushushu obuphezulu kwaye ivumela la mandla ukuba asetyenziselwe ukukhula.
• URatriyanto, nabanye (2017) baxele ukuba ukufakwa kwe-betaine nge-0.06% kunye ne-0.12% kubangela ukwanda kokugaywa kweproteni ekrwada kunye nefayibha ekrwada.
• Kwakhona ikwanyusa ukugaywa kwento eyomileyo, i-ether extract kunye ne-non-nitrogen fiber extract ngokunceda ekwandiseni i-mucosa yamathumbu nto leyo ephucula ukufunxwa nokusetyenziswa kwezondlo.
• Iphucula ukuxinana kwamafutha ee-fatty acids ezimfutshane ezifana ne-acetic acid kunye ne-propionic acid ezifunekayo ukusingatha i-lactobacillus kunye ne-Bifidobacterium kwiinkukhu.
• Ingxaki yokulahlwa kwamanzi kunye nokwehla komgangatho wenkunkuma emva koko kunokuphuculwa ngokufaka i-betaine emanzini ngokunyusa ukugcinwa kwamanzi amaninzi kwiintaka ezichaphazeleka kubushushu.
• Ukongezwa kweBetaine kuphucula ukutya kweFCR @1.5-2 Gm/kg (Attia, et al, 2009)
• Ingumnikeli we-methyl ongcono xa kuthelekiswa ne-choline chloride kunye ne-methionine ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweendleko.

Impembelelo yeBetaine kwi-coccidiosis –

I-Coccidiosis inxulunyaniswa nesifo se-osmotic kunye ne-ionic njengoko ibangela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye norhudo. I-Betaine ngenxa yendlela yayo yokunciphisa umzimba ivumela ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kweeseli phantsi koxinzelelo lwamanzi. I-Betaine xa idityaniswe ne-ionophore coccidiostat (salinomycin) inefuthe elihle ekusebenzeni kweentaka ngexesha le-coccidiosis ngokuthintela ukuhlasela kwe-coccidial kunye nophuhliso kwaye ngokungathanga ngqo ngokuxhasa isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wamathumbu.

Indima ekuvelisweni kweeNkukhu –

I-Betaine ivuselela i-oxidative catabolism ye-fatty acid ngendima yayo ekuqulunqweni kwe-carnitine kwaye ngaloo ndlela isetyenziswe njengendlela yokunyusa amafutha amancinci kunye nokunciphisa amafutha kwi-carnitine yenkukhu (Saunderson kunye no-macKinlay, 1990). Iphucula ubunzima be-carcinoma, ipesenti yokubopha, ithanga, isifuba kunye nepesenti ye-giblets kwinqanaba le-0.1-0.2% kwisondlo. Ikwachaphazela ukugcinwa kwamafutha kunye neeproteni kwaye inciphisa isibindi esinamafutha kwaye inciphise amafutha esiswini.

Indima ekuvelisweni kweeleya –

Iziphumo ze-Osmoregulatory ze-betaine zivumela iintaka ukuba zikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lobushushu oluhlala luchaphazela uninzi lwee-layer ngexesha lokuvelisa okuphezulu. Kwizinkukhu ezibeka amaqanda, ukwehla okukhulu kwesibindi esinamafutha kufunyenwe kunye nokunyuka kwamanqanaba e-betaine ekutyeni.

ISIPHELO

Kuzo zonke ezi ngxoxo zingasentla, kungagqitywa kwelokubai-betaineingathathwa njengesongezelelo sokondla esinokuba sisongezo esingapheleli nje ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kunye nesantya sokukhula kweentaka kodwa sikwayindlela engcono ngokwezoqoqosho. Isiphumo esibalulekileyo se-betaine kukukwazi kwayo ukulwa noxinzelelo lobushushu. Ikwayindlela engcono nengabizi kakhulu ye-methionine kunye ne-choline kwaye ikwafunxwa ngokukhawuleza. Ayinazo iziphumo eziyingozi kwiintaka kwaye akukho ngxaki yempilo yoluntu kwaye kunye nezinye izibulali-ntsholongwane ezisetyenziswa kwiinkukhu.