Kwi-aquaculture, ngaba uhlala udibana neemeko apho iintlanzi zingenamdla wokutya kwaye ukutya okuninzi kuchithwa?

Ngaba ukhathazekile ngotshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwityuwa, amazinga aphezulu okufa abangelwa kukuthuthwa kunye nokwahlukana kwedama lokuqubha? Okanye ukhathazwa ziingxaki zesibindi esinamafutha abangelwa kukutya okunamafutha amaninzi?

Ukujongana nale mingeni,I-BetaineInika isisombululo sesayensi nesisebenzayo. Le nto yendalo ephuma kwi-sugar beet, ngemisebenzi yayo eyahlukeneyo yomzimba, inokuphucula kakhulu ukutyeba kokutya, iphucule amandla esilwanyana okumelana noxinzelelo, ikhuthaze imetabolism yamafutha kwaye ikhusele impilo yesibindi. Sisixhobo esinamandla sokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezolimo.

I-Betainesisongezelelo sokutya esibaluleke kakhulu kwiukulima iintlanzi, kunye nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye neziphumo ezibalulekileyo, ezibonakala kakhulu kwezi nkalo zilandelayo:
1. Into enomtsalane kakhulu:

• Lo ngumsebenzi owaziwayo nosetyenziswa kakhulu we-betaine.
• Inencasa emnandi nenencasa efana neye-amino acids, enokukhuthaza kakhulu ivumba kunye nencasa yezilwanyana zasemanzini (iintlanzi, ii-shrimp, ii-crabs, njl.njl.).
• Ingafihla ivumba elibangelwa zizinto ezithile eziyingozi ekutyeni, ezifana nezinto ezilwa nesondlo, iiminerali, amayeza, njl.njl. kwimithombo ethile yeeproteni zezityalo, kwaye iphucule ukumnandi kokutya.

Isiphumo:

Ukwandisa ukutya kakhulu, ukunciphisa ixesha lokutya, kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya, ingakumbi xa ubushushu bamanzi buphantsi, ukutya kwezilwanyana kuphantsi, okanye kusetyenziswa iifomyula ezintsha zokutya, umphumo uba mkhulu ngakumbi.

2. Umnikeli weMethyl:

Ukonga i-methionine: ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-methionine eyongezwa kwisondlo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokutya.

• Khuthaza i-metabolism yeproteni kunye namafutha: Thatha inxaxheba ekuhlanganisweni kweproteni kunye ne-carnitine, khuthaza i-metabolism yamafutha, kwaye unciphise ukubekwa kwamafutha kwisibindi kunye nesisu.

• Ukuphucula ipesenti yenyama engenamafutha: Ukuphucula umgangatho wenyama efileyo ngokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kweproteni kunye nokuthintela ukugcinwa kwamafutha. Imolekyuli yeBetaine inamaqela amathathu e-methyl asebenzayo, okwenza ukuba ibe ngumnikeli we-methyl osebenzayo nozinzileyo.

• Ukuthatha inxaxheba kumjikelo we-methionine kwizilwanyana kunokutshintsha kancinci i-methionine ebiza kakhulu kunye ne-choline (i-choline ngokwayo nayo kufuneka iguqulwe ibe yi-betaine ukuze isebenze njengomnikeli we-methyl).

3. Umlawuli woxinzelelo lwe-Osmotic:

• Ukuphucula ukumelana noxinzelelo:iphucula kakhulu ukunyamezela kweentlanzi kunye neembaza kuxinzelelo lwendalo olufana nokuguquguquka kwetyuwa, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi, ioksijini ephantsi, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokwahlukana.
• Ukuphucula izinga lokusinda: Kwiindawo zokulima iintlanzi ezineenguqu ezinkulu kwityuwa (ezifana nokulima iintlanzi emanzini, ukukhulisa iintlanzi emanzini amdaka, kunye nokufaka amanzi acocekileyo ngexesha lemvula) okanye imisebenzi yoxinzelelo, kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo amazinga okufa.
• Ukonga amandla: Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwezilwanyana ukuze kulawulwe uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic, okuvumela ukuba kusetyenziswe amandla amaninzi ekukhuleni.
• I-Betaine yinto ebalulekileyo ye-osmotic buffer (osmoprotectant) kwizinto eziphilayo.
• Xa uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic lwendalo engaphandle lutshintsha (njengokutshintsha kwetyuwa, uxinzelelo lokuhamba), izilwanyana zasemanzini kufuneka zisebenzise amandla amaninzi ukulawula ibhalansi yazo yoxinzelelo lwe-osmotic.
• I-Betaine inokuzinzisa uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic lwangaphakathi kweseli, ikhusele ulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wee-membranes zeseli, iiproteni, kunye nee-enzymes kumonakalo obangelwa ziindawo eziphezulu okanye eziphantsi ze-osmotic.

4. Ukukhuthaza imetabolism yamafutha kunye nokukhusela isibindi:

• Ukukhuselwa kwesibindi:Ukuthintela nokunyanga ngempumelelo isifo sesibindi esinamafutha kwizilwanyana zasemanzini, ingakumbi ezo zityiwayo ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi.
• Ukuphucula umbala womzimba: Kwiintlanzi okanye kwiishrimp zokuhombisa, ukusebenza kakuhle kwesibindi kunceda ekubekeni umbala kwaye kuphucule umbala womzimba.
• Njengomnikeli we-methyl, i-betaine ithatha inxaxheba ekuhlanganisweni kwe-phospholipid kunye nokuthuthwa kwamafutha. Ingakhuthaza ukuqhekeka nokuthuthwa kwamafutha esibindi, inciphise umxholo wamafutha esibindi, kwaye ithintele ukwakheka kwesibindi esinamafutha.

5. Ikhuthaza ukukhula:

• Oku kungenxa yeziphumo ezidibeneyo zemisebenzi emininzi ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.
• Ngokwandisa ukutya, ukugcina i-methionine, ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kweproteni, ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kokutya, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokukhusela impilo yesibindi.

Isiphumo:

Eyona nto ibonakalayo kukonyuka okukhulu kwisantya sokukhula kunye nesantya sokutyeba kwezilwanyana zasemanzini.

6. Ukuphucula amajoni omzimba kunye nokumelana nezifo (isiphumo esingathanga ngqo):

I-Betaineinceda ukugcina impilo yezilwanyana zasemanzini ngokunciphisa uxinezeleko (uxinzelelo ingcambu yazo zonke izifo), ikhusela isibindi (ilungu elibalulekileyo lokucoca umzimba kunye nokuzikhusela), kwaye ibonelela ngamaqela e-methyl (abandakanyekayo kwi-nucleic acid kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-antibody).

Isiphumo:

Yomeleza amasosha omzimba angaphelelanga kwaye inciphise ukwanda kwezifo.
Isishwankathelo kunye nesicelo:

I-Betaineiye yaba sisongezelelo esibalulekileyo kwisondlo samanzi sanamhlanje ngenxa yeziphumo zayo ezininzi ezifana nokusebenza kakuhle ekutsaleni ukutya, ukubonelela ngokuzinzileyo kwamaqela e-methyl, amandla abalaseleyo okulawula uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic, ukhuseleko lwesibindi, kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula okubanzi.

Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kokutya, ukunciphisa iindleko zokufuya, ukuphucula ukumelana noxinzelelo lwezilwanyana kunye namanqanaba empilo, kwaye ekugqibeleni inyuse isivuno kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokufuya.
Amanyathelo okusebenzisa:

Isixa esongeziweyo: Isixa esiqhelekileyo esongeziweyo kwisondlo siqala kwi-0.05% ukuya kwi-0.3%.
Ubungakanani obuthile bokongeza kufuneka buhlengahlengiswe ngokwezinto ezifana nohlobo lokuzalela, inqanaba lokukhula, isiseko sefomyula yokutya, kunye nendawo yokuzalela (ingakumbi utshintsho kwityuwa).

Ukongezwa okugqithisileyo kusenokungayongezi impembelelo kodwa endaweni yoko kunokubangela inkcitho.

Ifomu:

• Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-betaine yendalo (ethathwe kwi-sugar beet molasses) kunye ne-betaine hydrochloride eyenziwe ngeekhemikhali.
• Ezi zimbini zineziphumo ezifanayo ngokwemisebenzi yazo ephambili, zinobunyulu obuphezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi kwiimveliso zokwenziwa, nto leyo ezenza zibe zezona ziphambili kwimarike.

Isishwankathelo,i-betainesisongezelelo sesondlo esikhuselekileyo, esisebenzayo, nesisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kwi-aquaculture, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-aquaculture.