Isondloukungundaibangelwa yi-fungus. Xa ukufuma kwezinto eziluhlaza kufanelekile, i-fungus iya kuphinda-phinda ngobuninzi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-feed fungi.ukungunda kokutya, iimpawu zayo zomzimba nezekhemikhali ziya kutshintsha, kwaye i-Aspergillus flavus ibangela ingozi enkulu.

1. Iindlela zokulwa nokungunda:

(1) Ukulawula umswakama Ukulawula umswakama kubhekiselele ekulawuleni umswakama kwisondlo kunye nomswakama ohambelana nendawo yokugcina. Isitshixo sokulinganisa ukungunda kwisondlo seenkozo kukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza umxholo womswakama ukuya kuluhlu olukhuselekileyo kwixesha elifutshane emva kokuvuna. Ngokubanzi, iinkozo zamandongomane zingaphantsi kwe-8%, umbona ungaphantsi kwe-12.5%, kwaye umxholo womswakama weenkozo ungaphantsi kwe-13%. Ke ngoko, ukungunda akufanelekanga ukuzala, ngoko ke lo mxholo womswakama ubizwa ngokuba ngumswakama okhuselekileyo. Umxholo womswakama okhuselekileyo wezondlo ezahlukeneyo uyahluka. Ukongeza, umxholo womswakama okhuselekileyo nawo unxulumene kakubi nobushushu bokugcina.

(2) Ukulawula ubushushu ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-12 ℃ kunokulawula ngempumelelo ukuveliswa kwesikhunta kunye nokuveliswa kwetyhefu.

(3) Ukuthintela ukulunywa zizinambuzane kunye nokuhlasela kweempuku, kufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela zokulawula ngoomatshini nangeekhemikhali ukunyanga izinambuzane zokugcina iinkozo, kwaye kufuneka kunikwe ingqalelo ekuthinteleni iimpuku, njengoko ukulunywa zizinambuzane okanye iimpuku kunokonakalisa iinkozo, okwenza kube lula ukuba isikhunta sizale kwaye sibangele ukukhula okunobume.

(4) Izinto ezisetyenziswa ekutyeni kunye nokutya okulungiselelweyo okucutshungulwe ngee-arhente zokulwa nokungunda zichaphazeleka kakhulu kukungunda, ngoko ke ii-arhente zokulwa nokungunda zingasetyenziselwa ukulawula ukungunda ngexesha lokucubungula. Ii-fungicides ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zii-organic acids kunye neetyuwa, phakathi kwazo i-propionic acid kunye neetyuwa zisetyenziswa kakhulu.

2. Amanyathelo okususa ityhefu emzimbeni

Emva kokuba ukutya kungcoliswe ziityhefu zefungus, kufuneka kwenziwe imizamo yokutshabalalisa okanye ukususa iityhefu. Iindlela ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zezi zilandelayo:

(1) Susa amasuntswana esikhunta

Iityhefu zigxile kakhulu kwiinkozo ezonakeleyo, ezigundileyo, ezinombala omdaka, nezityiwa zizinambuzane. Ukuze kuncitshiswe kakhulu umxholo wetyhefu, ezi nkozo zingakhethwa. Sebenzisa iindlela zesandla okanye zoomatshini ukukhetha ukutya kuqala, ukususa ukutya okugundileyo, uze womise ukutya okugundileyo ukuze ufezekise injongo yokukhupha ubuthi emzimbeni kunye nokuthintela ukungunda.

(2) Unyango lobushushu

Kwizinto eziluhlaza zesoya kunye nembewu yesonka, i-48% -61% ye-Aspergillus flavus B1 kunye ne-32% -40% ye-Aspergillus flavus C1 inokutshatyalaliswa ngokubhaka kwi-150 ℃ imizuzu engama-30 okanye ukufudumeza kwi-microwave imizuzu eyi-8-9.

(3) Ukuhlamba ngamanzi

Ukucwilisa nokuhlamba ngamanzi acocekileyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokususa iityhefu ezinyibilikayo emanzini. Izinto eziluhlaza ezifana neesoya kunye nombona zinokuhlanjwa ngamanzi acocekileyo emva kokutyunyuzwa okanye zihlanjwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo nge-2% yeLimewater ukususa ii-mycotoxins.

(4) Indlela yokufunxa

Izithambisi ezifana ne-activated carbon kunye nodongwe olumhlophe zinokufunxa iityhefu zefungus, zinciphise ukufunxwa kwazo yindlela yokugaya ukutya.

Ukutya ukutya okungcolisiweyo yimfuyo neenkukhu kunokukhokelela kuthotho lweziganeko ezifana nokuthintela ukukhula, ukuncipha kokutya, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokugaya ukutya, okunokuchaphazela kakhulu iingenelo zoqoqosho. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuthintela nokulawula.