Ngenxa yokwanda komlinganiselo wenkcubeko kunye nokwanda kobuninzi benkcubeko, isifo se-Apostichopus japonicus siye saba sibi kakhulu, nto leyo eye yazisa ilahleko enkulu kwishishini lezolimo zasemanzini. Izifo ze-Apostichopus japonicus zibangelwa kakhulu ziibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye ne-ciliates, phakathi kwazo isifo sokubola kwesikhumba esibangelwa yiVibrio brilliant sesona sibi kakhulu. Ngokukhula kwesi sifo, udonga lomzimba lwezilonda ze-Apostichopus japonicus, zenze amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namhlophe, kwaye ekugqibeleni ziyanyibilika zize zife, zinyibilike zibe yi-mucus yempumlo njenge-colloid. Kwindlela yokuthintela nonyango lwesifo sendabuko, ii-antibiotics zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwee-antibiotics akupheleli nje ekubeni nengozi efihlakeleyo yokuxhathisa iintsholongwane kunye neentsalela zamayeza, kodwa kuzisa nokhuseleko lokutya kunye nongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso lokulungiselela okukhuselekileyo, okungeyongcolisiyo, okungeyontsalela, ukunciphisa isifo se-sea cucumber yenye yezona ndawo zishushu zophando lwangoku.

I-Potassium diformate yipowder emhlophe ekhululekileyo ekristale, eyomileyo nengenancasa. Yiyo yongeza ukutya okungeyo-antibiotic evunyiweyo yi-European Union ukuze ithathe indawo ye-antibiotics. Ingakhuthaza ukukhula kwezilwanyana ezikhuliswe kakuhle, ithintele ukukhula kweebhaktheriya eziyingozi, kwaye iphucule imeko yamathumbu, i-Potassium diformate inokuphucula kakhulu ukukhula kunye nemveliso yezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.

1 Iziphumo zovavanyo

1.1 Imiphumo ye-potassium diformate ekukhuleni nasekusindeni kwe-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Izinga lokukhula elithile le-Apostichopus japonicus landa kakhulu ngokwanda komxholo we-potassium diformate yokutya. Xa umxholo we-potassium diformate yokutya ufikelele kwi-0.8%, oko kukuthi, xa umxholo we-potassium diformate yokutya wawuyi-1.0% kunye ne-1.2%, izinga lokukhula elithile le-Apostichopus japonicus laliphezulu kakhulu kunelo lolunye unyango, Kodwa akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo (P > 0.05) (itheyibhile 2-2). Izinga lokusinda kwe-sea cucumber laliyi-100% kuwo onke amaqela.

1.2 Iziphumo ze-potassium diformate yokutya kwi-immune indexes ye-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo, amanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-potassium dicarboxylate anokuphucula amandla e-phagocytic e-coelomocytes kunye nemveliso ye-O2 - ngamaqondo ahlukeneyo (itheyibhile 2-3). Xa i-potassium diformate yongezwa kwi-1.0% kunye ne-1.2%, umsebenzi we-phagocytic we-coelomocytes kunye nemveliso yeentlobo ze-oxygen ezisabelayo ze-O2 - kwi-sea cucumber zaziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zikwiqela lolawulo, kodwa bekungekho mahluko abalulekileyo phakathi kwamaqela e-potassium diformate e-1% kunye ne-1.2%, okanye phakathi kwamanye amanqanaba e-potassium diformate kunye neqela lolawulo. Ngokunyuka komxholo we-potassium dicarboxylate ekutyeni, i-SOD kunye ne-NOS ye-sea cucumber yanda.

1.3 Isiphumo se-potassium diformate yokutya ekuchaseni kwe-sea cucumber kwi-Vibrio brilliant infection

Emva kweentsuku ezili-1.4, ukufa kwe-sea cucumber kwiqela lolawulo kwakuyi-46.67%, nto leyo eyayiphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo yamaqela e-potassium diformate angama-0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% kunye ne-1.2% (26.67%, 26.67%, 30%, 30% kunye ne-23.33%), kodwa bekungekho mahluko ubalulekileyo kwiqela lonyango elingama-0.2% (38.33%). Ukufa kwe-sea cucumber kumaqela e-potassium diformate angama-0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% kunye ne-1.2% bekungekho mahluko ubalulekileyo.

2. Ingxoxo

2.1 Impembelelo ye-potassium dicarboxylate ekukhuleni kwe-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Kwizilwanyana, indlela esebenza ngayo i-potassium dicarboxylate kukungena kwindlela yokugaya ukutya, ukuphucula imeko-bume yokugaya ukutya, ukulawula i-pH, nokubulala iintsholongwane eziyingozi (uRamli no-sunanto, 2005). Ukongeza, i-potassium diformate inokukhuthaza ukufunxwa kwezondlo ekutyeni kwaye iphucule ukugaywa kokutya kunye nezinga lokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezikhuliswe emanzini. Ekusetyenzisweni kwezilwanyana zasemanzini, iimvavanyo zibonise ukuba i-potassium diformate inokuphucula kakhulu izinga lokukhula kunye nokusinda kwe-shrimp (uSuxu, uZhou Zhigang, et al., 2006). Kolu phononongo, ukukhula kwe-sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) kukhuthazwe ngokongeza i-potassium dicarboxylate ekutyeni, nto leyo ehambelana neziphumo zokusetyenziswa kwe-potassium dicarboxylate kumantshontsho eehagu kunye neehagu ezigqityiweyo ezixelwe yi-verland. M (2000).

2.2 Impembelelo ye-potassium dicarboxylate kumzimba okhuselayo kwi-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

I-Apostichopus japonicus inendlela yokuzikhusela efanayo nezinye ii-echinoderms, ezigqitywa yimpendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yeselula kunye neyomzimba (ehlekisayo). Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukuchonga nokususa imizimba yangaphandle engena emzimbeni wesilwanyana, okanye ukwenza imizimba yangaphandle ibe zizinto ezingenabungozi, kunye nokulungisa amanxeba. Impendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yeselula yee-echinoderms igqitywa ziintlobo ngeentlobo zee-coelomocytes, ezenza inkqubo yokuzikhusela yee-echinoderms. Imisebenzi ephambili yale seli ibandakanya i-phagocytosis, i-cytotoxin reaction, kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezilwa neentsholongwane kwinqanaba lokuxinana (kudriavtsev, 2000). Kwinkqubo ye-phagocytosis, ii-coelomocytes zinokubangelwa yibhaktiriya okanye iinxalenye zodonga lweseli yebhaktiriya ukuvelisa iintlobo ze-oxygen ezisebenzayo (ROS), kubandakanya i-no, H2O2, oh kunye ne-O2 -. Kolu vavanyo, ukongeza i-1.0% kunye ne-1.2% ye-potassium dicarboxylate ekutyeni kwandise kakhulu umsebenzi we-phagocytic wee-coelomocytes kunye nokuveliswa kweentlobo ze-oxygen ezisebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela i-potassium diformate enyusa ngayo umsebenzi we-phagocytic kunye nemveliso ye-O2 kufuneka ifundwe ngakumbi.

2.3 Impembelelo ye-potassium dicarboxylate kwizityalo zamathumbu ze-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

I-potassium dicarboxylate inokubola ibe yi-formic acid kwaye ibumbeke kwindawo ebuthathaka ye-alkaline kwaye ingene kwiiseli ze-microbial nge-membrane yeseli. Ingatshintsha indawo ephilayo yee-microorganisms eziyingozi ezifana ne-Escherichia coli kunye ne-Salmonella ngokutshintsha ixabiso le-pH ngaphakathi kweeseli kunye nokuthintela ukuzala kwazo, ukuze kulawulwe ibhalansi ye-microecological yamathumbu (eidelsburger, 1998). Isiphumo se-potassium dicarboxylate kwi-microflora yamathumbu, ngokwe-macroscopically, i-H + eveliswa kukubola kwe-potassium dicarboxylate inciphisa ixabiso le-pH emathunjini kwaye ithintele ukukhula kwe-microflora yamathumbu. Ngokwe-microscopically, i-H + ingena kwiiseli zebhaktiriya nge-membrane yeseli, itshabalalisa ngokuthe ngqo umsebenzi wee-enzymes zangaphakathi kweseli, ichaphazela imetabolism yeproteni ye-microbial kunye ne-nucleic acid, kwaye idlala indima ekuzalweni kwentsholongwane (Roth, 1998). Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-potassium diformate ayinampembelelo ingako kwi-bacteria iyonke yamathumbu ye-sea cucumber, kodwa inokuthintela kakhulu inani le-Vibrio.

2.4 Impembelelo ye-potassium dicarboxylate ekuchaseni izifo ze-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

I-Vibrio splendens yintsholongwane ebangela isifo sokubola kwesikhumba kwi-sea cucumber, eyingozi kwimveliso nasekulinyweni kwe-sea cucumber. Olu vavanyo lubonakalise ukuba ukongeza i-potassium dicarboxylate ekutyeni kunciphisa ukufa kwe-sea cucumber eyosulelwe yi-Vibrio brilliant. Oku kusenokunxulunyaniswa nefuthe lokuthintela i-potassium diformate kwi-Vibrio.

3 Isiphelo

Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-potassium diformate yokutya inefuthe elikhulu ekukhuleni kwe-Apostichopus japonicus, inefuthe elihle kwi-non-specific aspiratory ye-Apostichopus japonicus, kwaye yonyusa i-humoral kunye ne-cellular aspiratory ye-Apostichopus japonicus. Ukongezwa kwe-potassium dicarboxylate ekutyeni kunciphisa kakhulu inani leebhaktheriya eziyingozi emathunjini e-sea cucumber, kwaye yonyusa ukumelana nezifo ze-sea cucumber eyosulelwe yi-Vibrio brilliant. Ukuqukumbela, i-potassium dicarboxylate ingasetyenziswa njengesithambisi sokuzikhusela kwi-sea cucumber feed, kwaye idosi efanelekileyo ye-potassium dicarboxylate yi-1.0%.