I-bipolar surfactants zi-surfactants ezinamaqela e-anionic kunye ne-cationic hydrophilic.

Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, ii-amphoteric surfactants zikhompawundi ezinamaqela amabini e-hydrophilic ngaphakathi kwemolekyuli enye, kubandakanya i-anionic, i-cationic, kunye ne-nonionic hydrophilic amaqela. I-amphoteric surfactants esetyenziswa kakhulu ngamaqela e-hydrophilic ane-ammonium okanye i-quaternary ammonium salts kwi-cationic part kunye ne-carboxylate, i-sulfonate, kunye neentlobo ze-phosphate kwindawo ye-anionic. Umzekelo, ii-amino acid amphoteric surfactants ezine-amino kunye namaqela ecandelo kwimolekyuli enye zii-betaine amphoteric surfactants ezenziwe ngeetyuwa zangaphakathi eziqulathe omabini amaqela e-quaternary ammonium kunye ne-carboxyl, kunye neendidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuboniswa kwee-amphiphilic surfactants kuyahluka ngokwexabiso le-pH yesisombululo sabo.

Ukubonisa iimpawu ze-cationic surfactants kwimidiya ene-acidic; Ukubonisa iimpawu ze-anionic surfactants kwimidiya yealkaline; Bonisa iimpawu ze-non-ionic surfactants kwimidiya engathathi hlangothi. Inqaku apho iimpawu ze-cationic kunye ne-anionic zilinganiswe ngokugqibeleleyo zibizwa ngokuba yi-isoelectric point.

Kwindawo ye-isoelectric, i-amino acid yodidi lwe-amphoteric surfactants ngamanye amaxesha iyakhawuleza, ngelixa ii-betaine type surfactants azinamvula ngokulula nakwindawo ye-isoelectric.

Uhlobo lweBetaineii-surfactants ekuqaleni zahlelwa njengeekhompawundi zetyuwa ze-ammonium ze-quaternary, kodwa ngokungafaniyo neetyuwa ze-quaternary ammonium, azinazo iianion.
I-Betaine igcina intlawulo yayo ye-molecular positive kunye neempawu ze-cationic kwimidiya ye-acidic kunye ne-alkaline. Olu hlobo lwe-surfactant alukwazi ukufumana iintlawulo ezilungileyo okanye ezimbi. Ngokusekelwe kwixabiso le-pH yesisombululo esimanzi solu hlobo lwekhompawundi, kunengqiqo ukuyihlela njenge-amphoteric surfactant ngokungalunganga.

Ngokwale ngxabano, iikhompawundi zodidi lwe-betaine kufuneka zihlelwe njenge-cationic surfactants. Ngaphandle kwezi mpikiswano, uninzi lwabasebenzisi bekhompawundi be-betaine bayaqhubeka nokuhlela njengeekhompawundi ze-amphoteric. Kuluhlu lwe-heteroelectricity, kukho isakhiwo se-biphasic kumsebenzi ongaphezulu: R-N + (CH3) 2-CH2-COO -.

Owona mzekelo uqhelekileyo we-betaine surfactants yi-alkylbetaine, kunye nemveliso yommeli ngu-N-dodecyl-N, N-dimethyl-N-carboxyl betaine [BS-12, Cl2H25-N + (CH3) 2-CH2COO -]. I-Betaine kunye namaqela e-amide [i-Cl2H25 kwisakhiwo ithathelwe indawo ngu-R-CONH - (CH2) 3-] inokusebenza okungcono.

Ubunzima bamanzi abuchaphazeli ibetainei-surfactant. Ivelisa igwebu elilungileyo kunye nokuzinza okulungileyo kumanzi athambileyo nalukhuni. Ukongeza kokudityaniswa neekhompawundi ze-anionic kumaxabiso aphantsi e-pH, isenokusetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa ne-anionic kunye ne-cationic surfactants. Ngokudibanisa i-betaine kunye ne-anionic surfactants, i-viscosity efanelekileyo inokufumaneka.