I-Betaine, njenge-choline kunye ne-methionine, ibandakanyeka kwi-metabolism yeqela le-methyl esibindini kwaye inikela ngeqela layo le-methyl eli-labile ukuze kuhlanganiswe iikhompawundi ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ze-metabolism ezifana ne-carnitine, i-creatine kunye neehomoni (Jonga uMfanekiso 1)

 

I-Choline, i-methionine kunye ne-betaine zonke zinxulumene ne-metabolism yeqela le-methyl. Ke ngoko, ukongezwa kwe-betaine kunokunciphisa iimfuno zabanye abanikeli beqela le-methyl. Ngenxa yoko, enye yezicelo ezaziwayo ze-betaine ekutyeni kwezilwanyana kukutshintsha (inxalenye) ye-choline chloride kunye ne-methionine eyongeziweyo ekutyeni. Ngokuxhomekeke kumaxabiso emarike, ezi tshintsho ngokubanzi zigcina iindleko zokutya, ngelixa zigcina iziphumo zokusebenza.

Xa i-betaine isetyenziswa endaweni yezinye ii-methyldonors, i-betaine isetyenziswa njengempahla, oko kuthetha ukuba idosi ye-betaine kwifomyula yokutya inokuguquguquka kwaye ixhomekeke kumaxabiso eekhompawundi ezinxulumene noko ezifana ne-choline kunye ne-methionine. Kodwa, i-betaine ingaphezulu nje kwesondlo esinikela nge-methyl kwaye ukufakwa kwe-betaine kwisondlo kufuneka kuthathwe njengendlela yokuphucula ukusebenza.

I-Betaine njenge-osmoprotector

Ngaphandle komsebenzi wayo njenge-methyldonor, i-betaine isebenza njenge-osmoregulator. Xa i-betaine ingagaywanga sisibindi kwi-metabolism yeqela le-methyl, iyafumaneka kwiiseli ukuba ziyisebenzise njenge-osmolyte yendalo.

Njenge-osmolyte, i-betaine inyusa ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngaphakathi kweseli, kodwa ngaphezu koko, iya kukhusela izakhiwo zeseli ezifana neeproteni, ii-enzymes kunye ne-DNA. Le propati ye-osmoprotective ye-betaine ibaluleke kakhulu kwiiseli ezifumana uxinzelelo (lwe-osmotic). Ngenxa yokwanda koxinzelelo lwazo lwe-betaine ngaphakathi kweseli, iiseli ezixinzelelweyo zinokugcina ngcono imisebenzi yazo yeseli efana nokuveliswa kwee-enzyme, ukuphindaphinda kwe-DNA kunye nokwanda kweeseli. Ngenxa yokugcinwa ngcono komsebenzi weseli, i-betaine inokuba namandla okuphucula ukusebenza kwesilwanyana ngakumbi phantsi kweemeko ezithile zoxinzelelo (uxinzelelo lobushushu, umngeni we-coccidiosis, ityuwa yamanzi, njl.njl.). Ukongezwa okongeziweyo kwe-betaine kwisondlo kubonakalise ukuba luncedo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo nakwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana.

Iziphumo ezilungileyo ze-betaine

Mhlawumbi imeko efundwe kakhulu malunga nemiphumo emihle ye-betaine kuxinzelelo lobushushu. Uninzi lwezilwanyana luhlala kumaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwendawo ezithuthuzela kuyo ngobushushu, nto leyo ekhokelela kuxinzelelo lobushushu.

Uxinzelelo lobushushu yimeko eqhelekileyo apho kubalulekile ukuba izilwanyana zilawule ulungelelwaniso lwamanzi azo. Ngenxa yokukwazi kwazo ukusebenza njenge-osmolyte ekhuselayo, i-betaine iyanciphisa uxinzelelo lobushushu njengoko kubonisiwe umzekelo ngobushushu obuphantsi be-rectal kunye nokuziphatha okuncinci kokuphefumla kwiinkukhu.

Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lobushushu kwizilwanyana kukhuthaza ukutya kwazo kwaye kunceda ekugcineni ukusebenza kakuhle. Kungekuphela nje kwiinkukhu ezifuywayo, kodwa nakwiilayers, iimazi zeehagu, onogwaja, iinkomo zobisi nezenkomo, iingxelo zibonisa imiphumo emihle ye-betaine ekugcineni ukusebenza kakuhle ngexesha lemozulu eshushu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu. Kwakhona, ukuxhasa impilo yamathumbu, i-betaine inokunceda. Iiseli zamathumbu zihlala zichatshazelwa ngumxholo we-hyperosmotic wamathumbu kwaye xa kukho isifo sorhudo, umngeni we-osmotic kwezi seli uya kuba phezulu nangakumbi. I-Betaine ibalulekile ekukhuseleni iiseli zamathumbu nge-osmotic.

Ukugcinwa kolungelelwano lwamanzi kunye nomthamo weeseli ngokuqokelelwa kwe-betaine ngaphakathi kweeseli kubangela ukuphuculwa kokwakheka kwamathumbu (i-villi ephezulu) kunye nokugaywa ngcono (ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwee-enzyme ezigcinwe kakuhle kunye nokwanda komphezulu wokufunxwa kwezondlo). Iziphumo ezilungileyo ze-betaine kwimpilo yamathumbu zibonakala ngakumbi kwizilwanyana ezinengxaki: umz. iinkukhu ezine-coccidiosis kunye neehagu ezilunyulwayo.

I-Betaine ikwaziwa njenge-carcass modifer. Imisebenzi emininzi ye-betaine idlala indima kwi-protein-, energy- kunye ne-fat metabolism yezilwanyana. Kokubini kwiinkuku nakwiihagu, i-breast meat produce ephezulu kunye ne-fat meat produce ngokulandelelana, kuxelwe kwizifundo ezininzi zesayensi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha kukwakhokelela ekubeni kunciphe amafutha kwi-carcass, nto leyo ephucula umgangatho we-carcass.

I-Betaine njengomphuculisi wokusebenza

Zonke iziphumo ezilungileyo ezixeliweyo ze-betaine zibonisa indlela esi sondlo esinokuba luncedo ngayo. Ngoko ke ukongezwa kwe-betaine ekutyeni kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo, kungekuphela nje njengempahla yokutshintsha ezinye ii-methyldonors kunye nokonga iindleko zokutya, kodwa kwakhona njengesongezelelo esisebenzayo sokuxhasa impilo nokusebenza kwezilwanyana.

Umahluko phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini zokusetyenziswa yidosi. Njenge-methyldonor, i-betaine idla ngokusetyenziswa ekutyeni ngedosi ye-500ppm okanye ngaphantsi. Ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa idosi ye-1000-to-2000ppm betaine. Ezi dosi ziphezulu zibangela i-betaine engaxutywanga, ejikeleza emzimbeni wezilwanyana, ekhoyo ukuze ifunxwe ziiseli ukuze zikhuseleke kuxinzelelo (lwe-osmotic) kwaye ngenxa yoko ixhase impilo nokusebenza kwezilwanyana.

Isiphelo

I-Betaine inezicelo ezahlukeneyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana. Ekutyeni kwezilwanyana, i-betaine ingasetyenziswa njengempahla yokonga iindleko zokutya, kodwa ingafakwa nasekutyeni ukuphucula impilo yezilwanyana nokuphucula ukusebenza kwazo. Ingakumbi kule mihla, apho sizama ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics, ukuxhasa impilo yezilwanyana kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo i-Betaine ifanelwe yindawo kuluhlu lwee-compounds ezizezinye ezixhasa impilo yezilwanyana.