I-Betaine, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-glycine trimethyl internal salt, yi-compound yendalo engenabungozi kwaye ayinabungozi, i-quaternary amine alkaloid. Yi-prismatic emhlophe okanye i-crystal efana negqabi ene-molecular formula c5h12no2, ubunzima be-molecular ye-118 kunye ne-melting point ye-293 ℃. Inencasa emnandi kwaye yinto efana neevithamini. Inokugcinwa komswakama okunamandla kwaye kulula ukufunxa umswakama kunye ne-deliquesce kubushushu begumbi. Uhlobo olumanzi luyanyibilika emanzini, kwi-methanol nakwi-ethanol, kwaye lunyibilika kancinci kwi-ether. I-Betaine inesakhiwo esomeleleyo seekhemikhali, inokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu be-200 ℃ kwaye inokumelana okunamandla kwe-oxidation. Izifundo zibonise ukubai-betaineinokuthatha indawo ye-methionine kancinci kwi-metabolism yezilwanyana.

I-Betaineingathatha indawo ye-methionine ngokupheleleyo ekunikezelweni kwe-methyl. Kwelinye icala, i-methionine isetyenziswa njengesiseko sokwenza iiproteni, kwaye kwelinye icala, ithatha inxaxheba kwi-metabolism ye-methyl njengomnikeli we-methyl.I-Betaineinokukhuthaza umsebenzi we-betaine homocysteine ​​methyltransferase esibindini kwaye inike i-active methyl kunye, ukuze imveliso ye-methionine demethylation i-homocysteine ​​ikwazi ukunyibilikiswa ukuze yenze i-methionine ukusuka ekuqaleni, ukuze iqhubeke nokubonelela nge-methyl ye-metabolism yomzimba kunye nesixa esincinci se-methionine njengomthwali kunye ne-betaine njengomthombo we-methyl. Emva koko, uninzi lwe-methionine lusetyenziselwa ukwenza iiproteni, ezinokonga i-methionine kwaye zisebenzise amandla. Xa zidibene, i-betaine iyancipha ngakumbi emva kokuba i-methylated ukuvelisa i-serine kunye ne-glycine, kwaye emva koko yonyusa uxinzelelo lwee-amino acids egazini (kamoun, 1986).

I-Betaine yonyuse umxholo we-methionine, i-serine kunye ne-glycine kwi-serum. UPuchala et al. Ineziphumo ezifanayo zovavanyo kwiigusha. I-Betaine inokongeza ii-amino acids ezifana ne-arginine, i-methionine, i-leucine kunye ne-glycine kwi-serum kunye nesixa siphela see-amino acids kwi-serum, ize emva koko ichaphazele ukukhutshwa kwe-auxin;I-Betaineinokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-aspartic acid ibe yi-n-methylaspartic acid (NMA) ngokusebenzisa i-methyl metabolism enamandla, kwaye i-NMA inokuchaphazela ukwakheka kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-auxin kwi-hypothalamus, kwaye emva koko inqanaba le-auxin emzimbeni.