Potassium diformate, kunye ne-antibacterial mechanism ekhethekileyo kunye nemisebenzi yokulawula i-physiological, ivela njengenye indlela efanelekileyo kwii-antibiotics kwi-shrimp farming. Nguinhibiting pathogens, ukuphucula impilo yamathumbu, ukulawula umgangatho wamanzi, kwayeukwandisa ukhuseleko, ikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwe-aquaculture eluhlaza kunye nempilo.

Potassium diformate, njengenoveli ye-organic acid edityanisiweyo yetyuwa, ibonise amathuba okusebenza okubanzi kwishishini le-aquaculture kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngakumbi kwifama ye-shrimp apho ibonisa iziphumo ezininzi. Le khompawundi, eyenziwe nge-asidi ye-asidi kunye ne-potassium ion, ivela njengenye indlela efanelekileyo kwi-antibiotics ngenxa yendlela yayo ekhethekileyo yokulwa ne-antibacterial kunye nemisebenzi yokulawula i-physiological. Ixabiso layo eliphambili ekulimeni i-shrimp libonakaliswa ngokuyinhloko kwimilinganiselo emine: inhibition ye-pathogen, ukuphuculwa kwempilo yamathumbu, ukulawulwa komgangatho wamanzi, kunye nokuphucula ukugonywa. Le misebenzi idibana ukwenza isiseko sobugcisa esibalulekileyo kwi-aquaculture esempilweni.

Ngokubhekiselele kwi-antibiotic substitution, i-antibacterial mechanism ye-potassium diformate ineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo. Xa i-potassium diformate ingena kwindlela yokugaya ye-shrimp, iyahlukana kwaye ikhuphe iimolekyuli ze-asidi kwindawo ene-acidic. Ezi molekyuli ze-asidi ze-asidi zinokungena kwiimbumba zeeseli zebhaktiriya kwaye zidibanise kwii-ion ze-hydrogen kwaye zenze ii-ion ze-alkaline kwindawo ye-cytoplasmic ye-alkali, ebangela ukuhla kwexabiso le-pH ngaphakathi kweeseli zebhaktiriya kunye nokuphazamisa imisebenzi yazo eqhelekileyo ye-metabolic.

Uphando lubonise ukuba i-potassium diformate inempembelelo enkulu yokuthintela kwiibhaktheriya eziqhelekileyo ze-shrimp pathogenic ezifana ne-Vibrio parahaemolyticus, i-Vibrio harveyi, kunye ne-Escherichia coli, kunye ne-concentration encinci ye-inhibitory (MIC) ye-0.5% -1.5%. Xa kuthelekiswa namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, le ndlela yokulwa neebhaktheriya emzimbeni ayenzi ukuxhathisa kwebhaktheriya kwaye akukho mngcipheko wentsalela yechiza.

Ukulawulwa kwempilo yamathumbu ngomnye umsebenzi ophambili we-potassium diformate. Ukukhutshwa kwe-asidi ye-formic akuthinteli kuphela iibhaktheriya ezinobungozi, kodwa kudala i-microenvironment efanelekileyo yokwanda kweeprobiotics ezifana ne-lactic acid bacteria kunye ne-bifidobacteria. Ukulungiswa kwesi sakhiwo soluntu lwe-microbial kuphucula kakhulu ukugaya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamathumbu.

Potassium diformateibonisa iziphumo ezizodwa ezingathanga ngqo kulawulo lomgangatho wamanzi. Kwinkcubeko yasemanzini, malunga ne-20% -30% ye-nitrogen yokutya ayifunxanga ngokupheleleyo kwaye ikhutshelwe emanzini, ibe ngowona mthombo we-ammonia nitrogen kunye ne-nitrite. Ngokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutya, i-potassium diformate inciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukukhutshelwa kwenitrogen.

Idatha yovavanyo ibonisa ukuba ukongeza i-0.5%potassium diformateinokunciphisa umxholo wenitrogen kwimfucumfucu nge-18% -22% kunye nomxholo we-phosphorus nge-15% -20%. Esi siphumo sokunciphisa ukukhutshwa sibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ze-aquaculture yomjikelezo wamanzi (i-RAS), enokulawula i-peak concentration ye-nitrite emanzini angaphantsi kwe-0.1mg / L, kude ngaphantsi komda wokhuseleko lwe-shrimp (0.5mg / L). Ukongezelela, i-potassium diformate ngokwayo iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe ibe yi-carbon dioxide kunye namanzi emanzini, ngaphandle kokubangela ungcoliseko lwesibini, iyenza isongezo esisingqongileyo.

Impembelelo yokuphucula i-immune enye ibonakaliso yexabiso lesicelo se-potassium diformate. Amathumbu anempilo ayisiyo kuphela i-organ yokufunxa izondlo, kodwa kwakhona isithintelo esibalulekileyo somzimba. I-Potassium diformate inciphisa impendulo yenkqubo yokuvuvukala ngokulawula ibhalansi ye-gut microbiota kunye nokunciphisa ukukhuthazwa kweebhaktheriya ze-pathogenic kwi-epithelium yamathumbu. Uphando luye lwafumanisa ukuba ukongeza i-potassium diformate kwi-shrimp populations kwandisa inani le-lymphocyte yegazi nge-30% -40%, kwaye kwandisa kakhulu umsebenzi we-immune enzymes ezifana ne-phenoloxidase (PO) kunye ne-superoxide dismutase (SOD).

Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-potassium diformate kufuna umlinganiselo wesayensi. Isixa esicetyiswayo sokongeza yi-0.4% -1.2% yobunzima bokutya, ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuzala kunye neemeko zomgangatho wamanzi.
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa umthamo we-0.6% -0.8% ngexesha le-seedling stage (PL10-PL30) ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwamathumbu;

Ixesha lokulima lingancitshiswa ukuya kwi-0.4% -0.6%, ngokukodwa ukugcina ibhalansi ye-microbial community.

Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ifomati ye-potassium kufuneka ixutywe ngokucokisekileyo kunye nokutya (ukusebenzisa inkqubo yokuxuba izigaba ezintathu kuyacetyiswa), kwaye ukubonakaliswa kwexesha elide kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye neendawo eziphezulu zokufuma kufuneka kugwenywe ngaphambi kokutya ukukhusela ukuxhamla kunye nokuchaphazela ukuvumba.

Ukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kunye ne-organic acids (njenge-citric acid) kunye ne-probiotics (efana ne-Bacillus subtilis) inokuvelisa iziphumo ze-synergistic, kodwa isilumkiso kufuneka sithathwe ukuphepha ukuhambelana nezinto ze-alkaline (ezifana nesoda yokubhaka).

Ukusuka kwimbono yophuhliso lwamashishini, ukusetyenziswa kwepotassium diformateihambelana nentsingiselo jikelele yokuguqulwa kohlaza kwi-aquaculture.