Izifundo ezifunyenwe kwiimpuku ziqinisekisile ukuba i-betaine idlala indima yomnikeli we-methyl kwisibindi kwaye ilawulwa yii-betainei-homocysteine ​​​​methyltransferase (BHMT) kunye ne-p-cysteine ​​​​sulfide β Synthetase (β Ulawulo lwe-cyst (mud et al., 1965). Esi siphumo siqinisekisiwe kwiihagu nakwiinkukhu. Xa unikezelo lwe-methyl lwanelanga, umzimba wesilwanyana wenza i-hemiaminic acid ephezulu yamkele i-methyl ye-betaine ngokuphucula umsebenzi we-BHMT wokwenza i-methionine uze emva koko unikezele nge-methyl. Xa ukongeza i-betaine yedosi ephantsi, ngenxa yonikezelo lwe-methyl oluncinci emzimbeni, isibindi sonyusa amaxesha omjikelo we-homocysteine ​​​​→ methionine ngokwandisa umsebenzi we-BMT kunye nokusebenzisa i-betaine njenge-substrate, ukuze kubonelelwe nge-methyl eyaneleyo kwi-metabolism yezinto eziphathekayo. Kwiidosi eziphezulu, ngenxa yokongezwa kwangaphandle kwesixa esikhulu se-i-betaineKwelinye icala, isibindi sibonelela nge-methyl kwi-methyl receptor ngokuphucula umsebenzi we-BHMT, kwaye kwelinye icala, inxalenye ye-homocysteine ​​​​yakha i-cysteine ​​​​sulfide ngendlela yokudluliselwa kwesalfure, ukuze kugcinwe indlela ye-methyl metabolism yomzimba ikwibhalansi eguquguqukayo. Olu vavanyo lubonisa ukuba kukhuselekile ukutshintsha inxalenye ye-methionine kwisidlo sedada le-broiler nge-betaine. I-Betaine inokufunxwa ziiseli zamathumbu enkukhu, inciphise umonakalo wamayeza kwiiseli zamathumbu, iphucule umsebenzi wokufunxwa kweeseli zamathumbu enkukhu, ikhuthaze ukufunxwa kwezondlo, kwaye ekugqibeleni iphucule ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokumelana nezifo kwiinkukhu.

I-Betaineinokukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwe-GH, enokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kweproteni, inciphise ukubola kwee-amino acids kwaye yenze umzimba ube nebhalansi ye-nitrogen eyakhayo. I-Betaine inokunyusa i-cyclic adenosine monophosphate kwisibindi nakwi-pituitary（ˆ Umxholo we-am, ukuze kuphuculwe umsebenzi we-endocrine we-pituitary kwaye kukhuthazwe ukwenziwa kunye nokukhululwa kwe-(h, i-thyroid stimulating hormone) ziiseli ze-pituitary α SH kunye nezinye iihomoni kunokunyusa ukugcinwa kwe-nitrogen emzimbeni, ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula kwemfuyo kunye neenkukhu. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba i-betaine inokunyusa kakhulu amanqanaba e-serum h kunye ne-IGF kwiihagu kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, ikhuthaze kakhulu izinga lokukhula kweehagu kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwaye inciphise umlinganiselo wobunzima bokutya. Amantshontsho eehagu ezilunyulweyo, iihagu ezikhulayo kunye neehagu ezigqityiweyo zondliwa ngokutya okune-betaine 8001000 kunye ne-1750ngkg ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye inzuzo yemihla ngemihla yonyuswe nge-8.71% N13 20% kunye ne-13.32%, inqanaba le-GH egazini lonyuke nge-46.15%, 102.11% kunye ne-58.33% ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye inqanaba le-IGF lonyuke nge-38.74%, 4.75% kunye ne-47.95% ngokwahlukeneyo (Yu Dongyou et al., 2001). Ukongezwa kwe-betaine ekutyeni kunokuphucula ukusebenza kokuzala kweehagu, kwandise ubunzima bokuzalwa kunye nobukhulu beentsana eziphilayo zeehagu, kwaye akunampembelelo imbi kwiihagu ezikhulelweyo.

I-Betaineinokuphucula ukunyamezela kweeseli zebhayoloji kubushushu obuphezulu, ityuwa ephezulu kunye nendawo ephezulu ye-osmotic, izinzise umsebenzi we-enzyme kunye namandla e-kinetic ee-macromolecules zebhayoloji. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic lweeseli zezicubu lutshintsha, i-betaine inokufunxwa ziiseli, ithintele ukulahleka kwamanzi kunye nokungena kwetyuwa kwiiseli, iphucule umsebenzi wepompo ye-Na ye-membrane yeseli, igcine uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic lweeseli zezicubu, ilawule ibhalansi yoxinzelelo lwe-osmotic lweeseli, inciphise impendulo yoxinzelelo kwaye iphucule ukumelana nezifo.I-Betaineineempawu ezifana neze-electrolyte. Xa indlela yokugaya ihlaselwa zizifo, inefuthe lokukhusela i-osmotic kwiiseli zendlela yokugaya yehagu. Xa amantshontsho ehagu elahlekelwa ngamanzi esiswini kwaye i-ion balance balance ingafani ngenxa yorhudo, i-betaine inokuthintela ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwamanzi kwaye iphephe i-hyperkalemia ebangelwa lurhudo, ukuze igcine kwaye izinzise ibhalansi ye-ion kwindawo yokugaya kwaye yenze iintsholongwane eziluncedo kwizityalo ezincinci zendlela yokugaya yehagu phantsi koxinzelelo lokulunyulwa zilawule, iintsholongwane ezinobungozi aziyi kwanda ngamanani amaninzi, zikhusele ukukhutshwa okuqhelekileyo kwee-enzymes kwindlela yokugaya kunye nokuzinza komsebenzi wazo, ziphucule ukukhula kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo yokugaya yehagu ezilunyulweyo, ziphucule ukugaywa kunye nesantya sokusebenzisa ukutya, zonyuse ukutya okutyiwayo kunye nokwanda kobunzima bemihla ngemihla, zinciphise kakhulu urhudo kwaye zikhuthaze ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwamantshontsho alunyulweyo.