Uphononongo kwiimpuku luqinisekisile ukuba i-betaine ikakhulu idlala indima ye-methyl donor esibindini kwaye ilawulwabetainei-homocysteine ​​methyltransferase (BHMT) kunye ne-p-cysteine ​​sulfide β Synthetase (β Ukulawulwa kwe-cyst (udaka et al., 1965). Esi siphumo saqinisekiswa kwiihagu kunye neenkukhu. Xa ukunikezelwa kwe-methyl kunganele, umzimba wezilwanyana wenza i-asidi ephezulu ye-hemiamini yamkele i-methyl ye-betaine ngokuphucula umsebenzi we-BHMT ukudibanisa i-methionine kwaye emva koko inike i-methyl. Xa wongeza i-betaine ye-dose ephantsi, ngenxa yokunikezelwa kwe-methyl elinganiselweyo emzimbeni, isibindi sandisa amaxesha omjikelezo we-homocysteine ​​→ methionine ngokunyusa umsebenzi we-BMT kunye nokusebenzisa i-betaine njenge-substrate, ukwenzela ukubonelela nge-methyl eyaneleyo kwi-metabolism yezinto eziphathekayo. Kwidosi ephezulu, ngenxa yokongezwa kwangaphandle kwesixa esikhulu sebetaine, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isibindi sibonelela nge-methyl ye-methyl receptor ngokuphucula umsebenzi we-BHMT, kwaye ngakolunye uhlangothi, inxalenye ye-homocysteine ​​​​ifomu i-cysteine ​​sulfide ngokusebenzisa indlela yokudlulisa isulfure, ukwenzela ukuba kugcinwe indlela ye-methyl metabolism yomzimba kwi-balance dynamic balance. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba kukhuselekile ukutshintsha inxalenye ye-methionine kukutya kwedada lenyama yenyama nge-betaine. IBetaine inokufunxwa ziiseli zamathumbu enkukhu, inciphise umonakalo wamachiza kwiiseli zamathumbu, iphucule ukusebenza kweeseli zamathumbu enkukhu, ikhuthaze ukufunxwa kwezondlo, kwaye ekugqibeleni iphucule ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nokumelana nezifo kweenkukhu.

Betaineinokukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwe-GH, enokukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kweprotheni, ukunciphisa ukubola kwe-amino acids kunye nokwenza umzimba ulungelelanise i-nitrogen. I-Betaine inokunyusa i-cyclic adenosine monophosphate kwisibindi kunye ne-pituitary ( ˆ Umxholo we-am, ukwenzela ukomeleza umsebenzi we-endocrine we-pituitary kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokukhululwa (h, i-hormone evuselela i-thyroid) ngeeseli ze-pituitary α SH kunye nezinye iihomoni ezinokunyusa ukugcinwa kwe-nitrogen emzimbeni, ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula kwemfuyo. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba i-betaine inokunyusa kakhulu amanqanaba e-serum h kunye ne-IGF kwiihagu kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo, ikhuthaza kakhulu izinga lokukhula kweehagu kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo kunye nokunciphisa umlinganiselo wokutya. Iihagu ezilunyuliweyo, iihagu ezikhulayo kunye nokugqiba iihagu zondliwa ngokutya ezongezwayo kunye ne-betaine 8001000 kunye ne-1750ngkg ngokulandelanayo, kwaye inzuzo yemihla ngemihla yanda ngo-8.71% N13 20% kunye ne-13.32%, i-serum GH inqanaba lenyuke nge-46.15%, 3% kunye ne-102% ngokulandelanayo. inqanaba linyuke nge-38.74%, 4.75% kunye ne-47.95% ngokulandelanayo (Yu Dongyou et al., 2001). Ukongezwa kwe-betaine ekutyeni nako kunokuphucula indlela yokuzala kweemazi, ukonyusa ubunzima bokuzala kunye nobungakanani benkunkuma ephilayo yamantshontsho eehagu, kwaye ayinaziphumo zibi kwiimazi ezimithiyo.

Betaineinokuphucula ukunyamezela kweeseli zebhayoloji kubushushu obuphezulu, ityuwa ephezulu kunye nokusingqongileyo okuphezulu kwe-osmotic, ukuzinzisa umsebenzi we-enzyme kunye namandla e-kinetic ye-biological macromolecules. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic lweeseli zezicubu luguquka, i-betaine inokufunxwa ziiseli, ithintele ukulahleka kwamanzi kunye nokungena kwetyuwa kwiiseli, iphucule umsebenzi weNa pump ye-membrane yeseli, igcine uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic yeeseli zezicubu, ilawule ibhalansi yoxinzelelo lwe-osmotic yeeseli, inciphise impendulo yoxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula ukumelana nesifo.Betaineineempawu ezifana ne-electrolyte. Xa i-digestive tract ihlaselwa yi-pathogens, inefuthe lokukhusela i-osmotic kwiiseli ze-hagu gastrointestinal tract. Xa amantshontsho eehagu alahlekelwa ngamanzi emathunjini kunye nokungalingani kwe-ion ngenxa yorhudo, i-betaine inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukulahleka kwamanzi kwaye ithintele i-hyperkalemia ebangelwa lurhudo, ukuze kugcinwe kwaye kuzinziswe i-ion balance of gastrointestinal number kunye nokwenza iibhaktheriya eziluncedo kwi-microbial flora ye-piglets' flora ye-piglets 'intestinal stress, asiyi kukhusela intsholongwane yesisu. ukukhuselwa okuqhelekileyo kwee-enzymes kumzila wokugaya kunye nokuzinza komsebenzi wabo, ukuphucula ukukhula kunye nokuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokwetyisa kweehagu ezilunyulweyo, ukuphucula ukucolwa kunye nesantya sokusetyenziswa kwesondlo, ukwandisa ukutya kunye nokuzuza ubunzima bemihla ngemihla, ukunciphisa ngokubonakalayo urhudo kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwamantshontsho alunyulwayo.